When the center of a readers, visual field is blocked from view, reading rates decline and eye movement patterns change. This is true whether the central visual field is blocked artificially (i.e. a mask) or through disease (e.g. a retinal scotoma due to macular degeneration). In past studies, when mask size was defined in terms of the number of letters masked from view, reading rates declined ...

Motion Induced Blindness (MIB) is a visual phenomenon whereby highly salient targets disappear when viewed against a moving background mask. While MIB is well established, no research has yet explored whether mask parameters based on patterns of contracting and expanding optic flow can also trigger target disappearance. We aimed to explore MIB using realistic mask speeds that correspond to driv...

A salient visual stimulus can be rendered invisible by presenting it to one eye while flashing a mask to the other eye. This procedure, called continuous flash suppression (CFS), has been proposed as an ideal way of studying awareness as it can make a stimulus imperceptible for extended periods of time. Previous studies have reported robust suppression of cortical activity in higher visual area...

Purpose To investigate the effects of Chamaecyparis obtusa (CO) on human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells, a murine experimental dry eye (EDE) model, and the efficacy of antioxidant eye mask in dry eye disease (DED) patients. Methods 0.001%, 0.01%, and 0.1% CO extracts were used to treat HCE cells, cell viability, and production of antioxidative enzymes, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were a...

11 Cells in saccade control areas respond if a saccade is about to bring a target into their receptive fields (J. R. Duhamel, C. L. 12 Colby, & M. R. Goldberg, 1992). This remapping process should shift the retinal location from which attention selects target 13 information (P. Cavanagh, A. R. Hunt, S. R. Afraz, & M. Rolfs, 2010). We examined this attention shift in a masking experiment 14 wher...

The visual performance of divers was compared utilizing five commercial facemasks. Measurements were made of visual fields, visual acuity, stereoacuity, hand-eye coordination, accuracy of distance estimates, and accuracy of size estimates at both near and far distances. In addition, the optical properties of the masks were measured and the susceptibility of each mask to fogging was tested. Ther...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to quantify ocular refractive changes after a standard hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment protocol and to characterize the time period of recovery. PATIENTS AND METHODS Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was given for 90 min daily at a pressure of 240 kPa for 21 days. Oxygen was administered to 20 patients using an oronasal mask and to 12 patients using a hood. Follow-...