We give an example where the number of elements of a Gröbner basis in a Boolean ring is not polynomially bounded in terms of the bitsize and degrees of the input. 1 Boolean Rings Let Rn = F2[x1, . . . , xn, y1, . . . , yn, z1, . . . , zn] where F2 = Z/(2). If S ⊆ Rn then (S) denotes the ideal in Rn generated by S, and Sol(S) ⊆ K 3n denotes the solution set of S, where K is the algebraic closure...

Cowpea crop, through combining a range of essential minerals with high quality proteins, plays an important role in providing nutritional security to human population living in semi-arid regions. Studies on genetics of biofortification with essential minerals are still quite scarce, and the major objective of the present study was to provide genetic information on development of cowpea cultivar...

Micronutrient malnutrition, especially zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) deficiency in diets, has aroused worldwide attention. Biofortification of food crops has been considered as a promising approach for alleviating this deficiency. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was performed to dissect the genetic mechanism of Zn and Fe content in maize grains using a total of 218 F2:3 families derived from ...

Given a short exact sequence of groups with certain conditions, 1 → F → G → H → 1, we prove that G has solvable conjugacy problem if and only if the corresponding action subgroup A Aut(F ) is orbit decidable. From this, we deduce that the conjugacy problem is solvable, among others, for all groups of the form Z2 Fm, F2 Fm, Fn Z, and Zn A Fm with virtually solvable action group A GLn(Z). Also, w...

Let F1, F2, . . . , Ft be multivariate polynomials (with complex coefficients) in the variables z1, z2, . . . , zn. The common zero locus of these polynomials, V (F1, F2, . . . , Ft) = {p ∈ C|Fi(p) = 0 for 1 ≤ i ≤ t}, determines an algebraic set. This algebraic set decomposes into a union of simpler, irreducible components. The set of polynomials imposes on each component a positive integer kno...

Rice straw is an agricultural residue produced in abundant quantities. Open burning and plowing back the to fields are common practices for its disposal. In-situ incorporation cause emissions of greenhouse gas particulate matter. Additionally, energy potential rice lost. Anaerobic digestion a technology that can be potentially used utilize surplus straw, provide renewable energy, circulate nutr...

PM-F2-OB is one of the most well-known traditional herbal medicines that are frequently used for the treatment of obesity in Korea. The anti-obesity effect of PM-F2-OB on rats fed a high-fat diet was investigated through analyses of changes in body weight, kidney fat weight, and blood biochemicals including cholesterol, free fatty acid, BUN, creatinine, HDL, LDL, phospholipids, SGOT, SGPT, tota...

diallel crosses of eight genotypes of safflower were conducted and f1 and f2 generations were evaluated to estimate genetic parameters for seed-quality related traits including protein contents (%), fiber, ash and oil yeild. griffing’s methods 1 and 2 for f1 and f2 generations was used, respectively. sixty four genotypes including 8 parents and 56 f1 progenies, and half diallel crosses of f2 ge...

The glass transition in binary mixtures of star polymers is studied by mode coupling theory and extensive molecular dynamics computer simulations. In particular, we have explored vitrification in the parameter space of size asymmetry δ and concentration F2 of the small star polymers at fixed concentration of the large ones. Depending on the choice of parameters, three different glassy states ar...