This paper explains why the approach taken so far to mitigate global climate change has failed. The central reason is an inability to enforce targets and timetables. Current proposals recommending even stricter emission limits will not help unless they are able to address the enforcement deficit. Trade restrictions are one means for doing so, but trade restrictions pose new problems, particular...

We use the dressed-atom formalism to calculate the frequency shift in a hydrogen maser induced by applied radiation near the Zeeman frequency, and find excellent agreement with a previous calculation made in the bare-atom basis. The maser oscillates on the DF51, DmF50 hyperfine transition, while the applied field is swept through the F51, DmF561 Zeeman resonance. We determine the effect of the ...

This paper posits the conceptually useful allegory of a futuristic “World Climate Assembly” that votes on global carbon emissions via the basic principle of majority rule. Two variants are considered. One is to vote on a universal price (or tax) that is internationally harmonized, but the proceeds from which are domestically retained. The other is to vote on the overall quantity of total worldw...

Some scholars known as offensive realists claim that in the uncertainty of world politics, trust and cooperation between states is extremely unlikely. Others, such as defensive realists, claim that rational states are capable of finding ways to counteract the complications created by misperceptions and distrust, and to reduce uncertainty to levels where it no longer inhibits cooperation. In thi...

Mitigation and adaptation are the most important strategies in combating global climate change. It is expected that in a post Kyoto world industrialized countries have to engage in greenhouse gas abatement, and to support developing countries in adapting to climate change. Within the framework of a non-cooperative Nash game we analyze, whether funding adaptation is incentive compatible in the s...

We present a theoretical and experimental study of the efficiency of adiabatic transfer between the Zeeman substates of the cesium ground level, using the D1 F54→48 transition. In order to understand the application of the adiabatic condition to such multistate systems, we examine the separation of their energy eigenstates as a function of the number of participating states. We present a system...

Th e rapid economic rise of China, India, and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) could have several eff ects on regional peace and global security. Th e power transition perspective overstates the risk of confl ict that results from convergence between dominant and challenger states. Rapid changes in economic and military capabilities can, however, have negative consequences for...

How do foreign powers disengage from a conflict? We study this issue by examining the recent, large-scale security transition international troops to local forces in ongoing civil conflict Afghanistan. construct new dataset that combines information on process with declassified outcomes and previously unreleased quarterly survey data of residents’ perceptions security. Our empirical design leve...

Background: Breast cancer, as the most common prevalent cancer in Iran, is associated with severe psychological consequences. This study aimed to compare effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) an integrated package Gestalt and (GT-CBT) on self-efficacy women breast cancer. Methods: research was a quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test design control group. Sixty patients referred C...

This paper examines the potential costs a country faces when it fails to develop domestic arms manufacturing. I examine these costs using the historical example of Canada’s decision to not develop domestic naval shipbuilding capacity prior to World War II. Canada’s primary naval responsibility during the war was to escort convoys between the United Kingdom and North America. However its lack of...