In the past decade, IT has facilitated the shift from permanent employment to need-based outsourcing and from local labor market to global online labor markets. While prior studies have examined how global frictions affect employers’ hiring decisions on online labor markets, we have limited understanding of the inter-dependence between workers and employers and the economic impact of IT-enabled...

This paper describes how the social capital of rice farmers of the Mekong Delta of Vietnam, as manifested in the tradition of collective farming practice, has changed. Collective rice farming persisted for decades, irrespective of critical events that challenged its continuation, due to two key factors: the high need for collective farming to ensure subsistence, and the availability of a closel...

Enhanced transport of trace metal in porous media can occur in the presence of a ligand or "carrier" that has a high affinity for binding the pollutant, is dispersed and mobile in the soil environment, is recalcitrant with respect to microbial degradation, and is acceptable to the public. These aspects of the facilitated transport to trace metals are discussed with respect to a naturally occurr...

Within a living cell, site-specific DNA-binding proteins need to search the whole genome to find a target of ~10-20 bp. That they find the target, and do so quickly, is vital for the correct functioning of the DNA, and of the cell as a whole. The current understanding is that this search is performed via facilitated diffusion, i.e. by combining three-dimensional bulk diffusion within the cytopl...

Ligand- or voltage-driven stochastic gating-the structural rearrangements by which the channel switches between its open and closed states-is a fundamental property of biological membrane channels. Gating underlies the channel's ability to respond to different stimuli and, therefore, to be functionally regulated by the changing environment. The accepted understanding of the gating effect on the...

During the initial stages of a systematic review, it is often necessary to assess the relevance of tens or even hundreds of thousands of potentially applicable bibliographic citations. Although this is an inherently labor-intensive endeavor, utilization of textand datamining algorithms has the potential to dramatically increase the efficiency and speed with which a systematic review can be cond...

Reforming German Labor Market Institutions: A Dual Path to Flexibility Germany has always been one of the prime examples of institutional complementarities between social insurance, a rather passive welfare state, strong employment protection and collective bargaining that stabilize diversified quality production. This institutional arrangement was criticized for being the main cause of inferio...

abstract introduction humans in the last trimester of gestation are assumed to be in a pain-free environment in the womb, but those neonates who are born preterm often spend weeks in the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) and undergo numerous painful procedures as part of their routine care. materials and methods in this semi-experimental study, 70 preterm infants born at average 32 to 36 week...

It has long been asserted that proteins such as transcription factors may locate their target in DNA sequences at rates that surpass by several orders of magnitude the three-dimensional diffusion limit thanks to facilitated diffusion, that is, the combination of one-dimensional (sliding along the DNA) and three-dimensional diffusion. This claim has been supported throughout the years by several...

We present a theoretical model of facilitated diffusion of proteins in the cell nucleus. This model, which takes into account the successive binding and unbinding events of proteins to DNA, relies on a fractal description of the chromatin which has been recently evidenced experimentally. Facilitated diffusion is shown quantitatively to be favorable for a fast localization of a target locus by a...