pantheism (unity of entity) and unity of intuition are famous concepts in mysticism which have been discussed variously and philosophers and mystics have been presented various opinions and definitions about them. some of them believe pantheism is a spiritual authority which is superior from unity of intuition, and some are opposite to this belief and others believe these two concepts are the s...

In the following article, two copper coins of Artuqid ruler Fakhr al-Dīn Qarā Arslān are presented and discussed. These widely known, but described interpreted differently. It will be demonstrated how, through superficial observation careless description coins, errors can found even in standard literature. Such errors, as here, lead to interpretations that largely erroneous.

in this essay the most important arguments of fakhr al-din al-razi for the theory that all acts are created only by god (khalq al-amal) are investigated. in the course of this investigation each of his three arguments rejecting the necessity of free will and all his thirteen arguments for proving his theory of occasional cause (kasb) are refuted. subsequently, fakhr al-din al-razi’s interpretat...

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui seperti apa konsep akal yang diusung oleh al-Rāzi dalam tafsirnya Mafātīh al-Ghāib. menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif. bersifat deskriptif juga melalui kepustakaan (library research). Berdasarkan telah dilakukan, maka bisa disimpulkan bahwa menurut tafsir al-Ghāib adalah, Pertama, memahami keyakinan akan ke-Esa-an Allah, iman kepa...

Policy Perspectives interviewed four senior experts on Afghanistan to understand the current state of affairs regarding and Pakistan-Afghanistan relations in broader perspective history, ideology, culture. The included former ambassador Pakistan Vice Chairman Institute Studies (IPS), Islamabad, Syed Abrar Hussain; Director, Study Center, University Peshawar, Professor Dr Fakhr-ul-Islam; Directo...