Binding of bilirubin with mitochondria, mitochondrial membranes, various cells, and cellular fragments resulted in a hypochromicity with a red shift of the absorption spectrum of bilirubin. It was found that the mitochondrial lipids rather than the proteins were involved in the binding. Isolated mitochondrial lipid and lipids from various other sources caused similar spectral changes of the bil...

Other work has shown that adaptive learning can be highly successful in developing programs which are able to play games at a level similar to human players and, in some cases, exceed the ability of a vast majority of human players. This study uses poker to investigate how adaptation can be used in games of imperfect information. An internal learning value is manipulated which allows a poker pl...

Players of complex board games like backgammon, chess and go, were always wondering what the best opening moves for their favourite game are. In the last decade, computer analysis has offered more insight to many opening variations. This is especially true for backgammon, where computer rollouts have radically changed the way human experts play the opening. In this paper we use Palamedes, the w...

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A critical feature of the distant future is currently unresolvable uncertainty about what will then be the appropriate rate of return on capital to use for discounting. This paper shows that there is a well-defined sense in which the ‘‘lowest possible’’ interest rate should be used for discounting the far-distant future part of any investment project. Some implications are discussed for evaluat...