This is the third of a series of publications to inform drug service planning and provision by presenting results from the Department of Health’s Black and minority ethnic drug misuse needs assessment project that was conducted throughout England in three phases during 2000-2001, 2004-2005, and 2006. This project employed the Centre for Ethnicity and Health’s Community Engagement Model to train...

The celebrated Black-Scholes di.erential equation provides for the price of a 0nancial derivative. The uncertainty environment of such option price can be described by the classical ‘bit’: a system with two possible states. This paper argues for the introduction of a di.erent uncertainty environment characterized by the so called ‘qubit’. We obtain an information-based option price and discuss ...

The celebrated Black-Scholes formula which gives the price of a European option, may be expressed as the cumulative function of a last passage time of Brownian motion. A related result involving first passage times is also obtained.

We study the stability of static spherically symmetric exact solutions of Einstein equations coupled with nonlinear electrodynamics, in the magnetic sector. These solutions satisfy the heuristic model proposed by Ashtekar-Corichi-Sudarsky for hairy black holes, meaning that the horizon mass is related to their Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) mass and to the corresponding particle-like solution. How...

Exact solutions of heterotic string theory corresponding to fourdimensional charge Q magnetic black holes are constructed as tensor products of an SU(2)/Z(2Q+2) WZW orbifold with a (0, 1) supersymmetric SU(1, 1)/U(1) WZW coset model. The spectrum is analyzed in some detail. “Bad” marginal operators are found which are argued to deform these theories to asymptotically flat black holes. Surprisin...

Magnetically charged dilatonic black holes have a perturbatively infinite ground state de-generacy associated with an infinite volume throat region of the geometry. A simple argument based on causality is given that these states do not have a description as ordinary massive particles in a low-energy effective field theory. Pair production of magnetic black holes in a weak magnetic field is esti...

In this research, the effects of different color intensities, anoxic + anaerobic times and types of substrate on color removal effectiveness were studied using 16-litre bench scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) anoxic + anaerobic/aerobic models. The systems were fed with a synthetic wastewater containing 500 mg/l of COD, 50 mg/l of N, 15 mg/l of P along with 10, 40 and 80 mg/l of reactive diaz...

In the original Black-Scholes model, the risk is quantified by a constant volatility parameter. It has been proposed by many authors that the volatilities should be modeled by a stochastic process to obtain a more realistic model. The volatility that corresponds to actual market data for option prices in Black-Scholes model is called the implied volatility. This volatility is in general depende...

This study investigated the physicochemical characteristics of black garlic (BG) after different thermal processing steps. Compared with fresh garlic (FG), the moisture content and pH in BG decreased significantly, while the ash content and browning intensity increased during thermal processing. The total mineral and the free sugar contents were significantly higher than that of the BG2 and BG4...