this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of mandatory of self-fertilization on morphological and agronomic traits of orchad grass. three populations including self-fertilization, open pollination and parental genotypes (each consisted of 25 genotype of orchad grass) were evaluated using a split plot experiment according to a randomized complete block design. significant differences were ...

Cascade speciation and reinforcement can evolve rapidly when traits are pleiotropic and act as both signal/cue in nonrandom mating. Here, we examine the contribution of two key traits-assortative mating and self-fertilization-to reinforcement and (by extension) cascade speciation. First, using a population genetic model of reinforcement we find that both assortative mating and self-fertilizatio...

There is discussion over whether pollen limitation exerts selection on floral traits to increase floral display or selects for traits that promote autonomous self-fertilization. Some studies have indicated that pollen limitation does not mediate selection on traits associated with either pollinator attraction or self-fertilization. Primula tibetica is an inconspicuous cross-fertilized plant tha...

The process of allorecognition consists of an ability to discriminate self from non-self. This discrimination is used either to identify non-self cells and reject them ("non-self histocompatibility") or to identify self cells and reject them (as in the avoidance of self-fertilization by hermaphrodites ("self incompatibility"). The molecular basis governing these two distinct systems has been st...

This article includes a series of methods for culturing the moss Physcomitrella patens at all stages of its life cycle. Gametophytes are axenically cultured on solid agar-based media and in shaken liquid cultures. For long-term storage of gametophytes, cultures are maintained on solid medium at 10°C in a very short day. Cryopreservation may also be used. Finally, sporophytes are generated by se...

François Jacob once facetiously lamented the arrangement in the human body whereby reproduction is the only function for which an individual is equipped with only one-half of the necessary organs, thus entailing the expenditure of a substantial amount of time and energy into finding the other half (10). The spatial separation of the sexual partners (or organs) is indeed an obligatory feature of...

Cytoplasmic incompatibility induced by inherited intracellular bacteria of arthropods, and Medea elements found in flour beetles, are both forms of postsegregation distortion involving the killing of embryos in order to increase the ratio of progeny that inherit them. The recently described peel-zeel element of Caenorhabditis elegans also uses this mechanism; like Medea the genes responsible ar...

Background Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze is a mainly dioecious species that reproduces through outcrossing. However, some monoecious trees have been identified and they may reproduce through self-fertilization. The objective of this study was to confirm the expected relatedness of self-sibs of hand self-pollinated monoecious seed trees, and to investigate the mating system of open-po...

Thanks to genome-scale diversity data, present-day studies can provide a detailed view of how natural and cultivated species adapt to their environment and particularly to environmental gradients. However, due to their sensitivity, up-to-date studies might be more sensitive to undocumented demographic effects such as the pattern of migration and the reproduction regime. In this study, we provid...

Allelic segregation at a single locus among offspring derived from matings, including those between inbred relatives, is a combination of two patterns, corresponding to self-fertilization and random outcrossing. The proportion of effective self-fertilization is termed the "effective selfing rate," and it is specified with identity coefficients. The description of the offspring genotypic distrib...