© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015 H. Ingason et al., Tunnel Fire Dynamics, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2199-7_2 Abstract The effect of ventilation on fire development is one of the most important phenomena to understand in tunnel fire safety engineering. Ventilation controls the combustion process and is usually the phenomenon that engineers find most difficult to comprehend. Tunnel fi...

Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) models have already been developed and used to assess various risks of road tunnels, including the societal risk and expected number of fatalities (ENF). Fire in a road tunnel is considered as the most severe disaster in that road tunnel is an enclosed space. The risk assessment for fire in road tunnels involves a number of parameters. Some of these parameters...

Fire safety of each structure consists in the creation of conditions for rapid and safe people evacuation, in the limitation of spread of fire and combustion products in the structure and the surroundings of the structure, and in the creation of conditions for rapid, effective and safe response actions of rescue units. In case of fire on a passenger train standing in a tunnel, a top priority ta...

Emergency smoke ventilation for a uni-directional traffic road tunnel is studied using a CFD modelling approach. Fire scenarios in an uphill ramp for congested traffic conditions have been considered. Based on a longitudinal smoke ventilation system with a damper smoke-extraction device on the ceiling soffit, the impact of longitudinal ventilation (LV) control, operation of fire suppression int...

Documents Literature study Report Acknowledgement picture front cover (fire Gotthard-Tunnel): Bild: KAPO UR Cracking at the unheated side of a tunnel during a heating and cooling phase of a fire Literature studyt Final report ARCADIS 3 Summary Part of the master thesis " Cracking at the unheated side of a tunnel during a heating and cooling phase of a fire " is this literature study in which su...

In this study, the amount of generated pool fire, as a result of the release of chemicals in the case of an accident in tunnels, was simulated and the results were compared to the experimental data. At first, various amounts of spatial resolution (R*) were considered to compare the existing experimental data at different heights at the upstream, downstream and above the pool fire...

article utilizes CFD software to investigate the smoke control system of the safety reliability for the underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system. The purpose of this research is to simulate the fire occurring in the tunnel region where the smoke control system designs are corresponding to the National Federation of Paralegal Associations 130 (NFPA130). The smoke control mode of the tunnel in...

Social insects work together to complete tasks. However, different individuals within a colony may vary in task proficiency. We investigated if fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) worker body size influenced the ability to construct tunnels--a key component of subterranean nests. We monitored excavation by worker groups in a substrate of small wetted glass particles in quasi-two-dimensional arenas. M...

By taking the super-long railway tunnel as the object of research, based on setting problems of emergency stations adopted by super-long railway tunnels, from the viewpoint of people's safe evacuation, several aspects were studied, such as the mode of evacuation and rescue by adopting emergency station, the number and interval of the cross passage, and the people's safe evacuation time under di...