Flame photometry has many applications, and in the clinical field its use in the estimation of serum sodium and potassium is now well established. Difficulties have been encountered in the estimation of serum calcium by flame photometry, since the emission spectrum of calcium is relatively weak and is subject to interference by the presence of other ions, e.g., sodium. Although many methods hav...

The control of ignition in a rocket engine is a critical problem for combustion chamber design. Delayed ignition may lead to high amplitude pressure fluctuations that can damage the burner (strong ignition) whereas early ignition may fail. This paper describes a numerical study of a strong ignition sequence observed in a laboratoryscale single-injector rocket chamber ignited by a laser and fuel...

Simultaneous planar laser-induced incandescence, hydroxyl radical planar laser-induced fluorescence, and droplet Mie scattering are used to study the instantaneous flame structure and soot formation process in an atmospheric pressure, swirl-stabilized, liquid-fueled, model gas-turbine combustor. Optimal excitation and detection schemes to maximize single-shot signals and avoid interferences fro...

lithum can be de termined both by atomic absorption spectroscopy andflame emission spectroscopy. we have used the later method with a zeiss model pmqli spectro photometer fitt ed with ante-chamber atomizer and a potensiome rric line recorder. accurate ana lysis for the clement was acco mplished due to a sophisracared measuring instrument.

A detailed chemistry-based CFD model was developed to simulate the diesel spray combustion and emission process. A reaction mechanism of n-heptane is coupled with a reduced NOx mechanism to simulate diesel fuel oxidation and NOx formation. The soot emission process is simulated by a phenomenological soot model that uses a competing formation and oxidation rate formulation. The model is applied ...

Fire management specialists in the southeastern United States needing guides for predicting or assessing particulate matter emission factors, emission rates, and heat release rate can use the models presented in this paper for making these predictions as a function of flame length in the palmetto-gallberry fuel type. FOREST So. 29:761-770. ADDITIONAL

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are groups of anthropogenic contaminants that have been routinely used in many applications for several decades. Prior to the discovery of their detrimental health effects and subsequent implementation of regulatory measures they were widely applied in shipbuilding. They are still found onboard active and inactive ships and...

Flame-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was investigated to improve the sensitivity of LIBS. It was realized by generating laser-induced plasmas in the blue outer envelope of a neutral oxy-acetylene flame. Fast imaging and temporally resolved spectroscopy of the plasmas were carried out. Enhanced intensity of up to 4 times and narrowed full width at half maximum (FWHM) down t...

Simultaneous measurements with the TwoColor emission and Laser-Induced-Incandescence techniques on a diffusion laminar LPG bunsen flame were performed. The acquired images were filtered, perspective corrected and processed via an on purpose made procedure in order to reduce the measuring error. For quantitative measurements of the soot volume fraction and temperature a tungsten lamp calibration...