Among the most relevant fields of research recently investigated for improving performance gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, there are ultrahigh pressures and flash-boiling phenomenon. Both perform roles in air/fuel mixing process, reducing tailpipe emissions implementing new combustion methods. When a high-temperature fuel is released into an environment with pressure lower than fuel’s ...

Modeling the fuel injection process in modern gasoline direct engines plays a principal role characterizing in–cylinder mixture formation and subsequent combustion process. Flash boiling, which usually occurs when is injected into an ambient pressure below saturation of liquid, characterized by fast breakup evaporation rates but could lead to undesired behaviors such as spray collapse, signific...

The main objective of this study is to develop a comprehensive model for spray atomization under the consideration flash boiling, which includes nucleation, bubble growth, and droplet breakup. Although boiling has been previously studied, there still no well-established analytical numerical their mechanisms, or general guidelines on implementation strategy. In study, detailed formulations are e...

Abstract Flash boiling atomization has been considered a potential technique to enhance state-of-the-art performance. It is usually believed that the phase change during flash can improve disintegration of bulk liquid. Many investigations have indicated acts on secondary breakup liquid droplets via micro-explosion mechanisms. However, recent vapor bubbles inside nozzle could directly affect pri...

In gasoline engines, including conventional direct injection (GDI) engines and newly developed compression ignition (GCI) flash boiling of the spray occurs during throttling or low load operations. Superheated fuel that is injected into cylinder, where gas pressure lower than fuel’s saturation vapor pressure, experiences a fast phase change. Plume interaction collapse can occur as consequence b...

Abstract Due to current and future environmental safety issues in space propulsion, typical propellants for upper stage or satellite rocket engines such as the toxic hydrazine are going be replaced by green like combination of liquid oxygen hydrogen methane. The injection that kind cryogenic fluid into vacuum atmosphere leads a superheated state, which results sudden eruptive atomization due fl...

1.1.3 Chemical and physical properties of the pure substance From American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (1991) unless otherwise noted. (a) Description: Colourless, flammable liquid (b) Boiling-point: 145°C (Lide, 1997) (c) Melting-point: –64.6°C (Lide, 1997) (d) Solubility: Very slightly soluble in water (0.14% at 20°C); soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether and acetone (e) Vapo...