Floret development is critical for grain setting in wheat (Triticum aestivum), but more than 50% of grain yield potential (based on the maximum number of floret primordia) is lost during the stem elongation phase (SEP, from the terminal spikelet stage to anthesis). Dynamic plant (e.g., leaf area, plant height) and floret (e.g., anther and ovary size) growth and its connection with grain yield t...

Wheat yield depends on the number of grains per square metre, which in turn is related to the number of fertile florets at anthesis. The dynamics of floret generation/degeneration were studied in contrasting conditions of nitrogen (N) and water availability of modern, well-adapted, durum wheats in order to understand further the bases for grain number determination. Experiments were carried ou...

We analyse dissipation in quantum computation and its destructive impact on efficiency of quantum algorithms. Using a general model of decoherence we study the time evolution of a quantum register of arbitrary lenght coupled with an environment of arbitrary coherence lenght. We discuss relations between decoherence and computational complexity and show that the quantum factorisation algorithm m...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The inflorescence of grass species such as wheat, rice and maize consists of a unique reproductive structure called the spikelet, which is comprised of one, a few, or several florets (individual flowers). When reproductive growth is initiated, the inflorescence meristem differentiates a spikelet meristem as a lateral branch; the spikelet meristem then produces a floret meris...

Yield in rice (Oryza sativa) is determined by three major components: panicle number per plant, grain weight and grain/ spikelet number per panicle (Zhou et al., 2015). Grain number per panicle is one of the main targets and mainly results from the number of spikelets. Traditionally, rice breeders have focused on the improvement of spikelet number per panicle and rarely focused on the number of...

Spike fertility traits are critical attributes for grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Here, we examine the genotypic variation in three important traits: maximum number of floret primordia, number of fertile florets, and number of grains. We determine their relationship in determining spike fertility in 30 genotypes grown under two contrasting conditions: field and greenhouse. The max...

Maize is an important staple of human diets and animal feed. Improving the nutritional profile for bothof these purposes is a desirable research focus and agricultural endpoint. Many mechanisms have been used toimprove maize protein and oil content, including selective breeding to introgress desirable traits (Quality ProteinMaize), introducing single natural or synthetic genes expre...

Study of the composition, lenght and chemical structure surface-active statistical copolymers in low-energy miniemulsions.

The complexity function of an infinite word w on a finite alphabet A is the sequence counting, for each nonnegative n, the number of words of lenght n on the alphabet A that are factors of the infinite word w. The goal of this work is to estimate the number of words of lenght n on the alphabet A that are factors of an infinite word w with a complexity function bounded by a given function f with...