Fluctuation Theorem: a simple consequence of a time reversal symmetry; it deals with motions which are chaotic in the strong mathematical sense of being hyperbolic and transitive (ie are generated by smooth hyperbolic evolutions on a smooth compact surface (the “phase space”) and with a dense trajectory, also called Anosov systems) and “furthermore are time reversible”. In such systems any init...

We propose phase-like characteristics in scale-free broadband processes and consider fluctuation synchrony based on the temporal signature of significant amplitude fluctuation. Using wavelet transform, successful captures of similar fluctuation pattern between such broadband processes are demonstrated. The application to the financial data leading to the 2008 financial crisis reveals the transi...

One of the main distinctions between geomaterials and other engineering materials is the spatial variation of their properties in different directions. This characteristic of geomaterials -so called heterogeneity- is studied herewith. Several spatial distributions are introduced to describe probabilistic variation of geotechnical properties of soils. Among all, the absolute normal distribution ...

purpose: to introduce a patient with best disease and fluctuation in vision and oct changes. case report: a 26-year-old man presented with decreased va in his left eye due to cnv secondary to best disease. va improved after ivb injection. after 3 years he complained of metamorphopsia in his right eye with a decrease in subretinal deposits which improved spontaneously. the same sequence of event...

statistical studies on palynology contents of late cretaceous to paleocene age gurpi formation in a surface section in zagros basin,sw iran indicate changes in abundance, species diversity, ratio of spiniferites to cyclonephelium (s/c), palynological marine index(pmi) values and organic facies. these palynological variations clearly reflect fluctuations in relative sea-level and depositionalenv...

In this paper, we consider fluctuation-splitting schemes that can capture an isolated shock over a suitably-oriented single triangular element and also recognize a rarefaction. A particular focus is on the evaluation of the fluctuation (or the cell-residual): a oneparameter-family quadrature rule is employed to evaluate the fluctuation, which endows the fluctuation with a wave recognition capab...

I n this paper, the evaluation of the real exchange rate transfer and the asymmetric transmission of real exchange rate fluctuations to the export prices of food products for the country during the period (2001-2015) was studied using two approaches of PMG and GMM systems. The TGARCH method was used to calculate the real exchange rate fluctuation index and the Markov Switching method was u...

Recurrent water level fluctuation and submergence of plants are common in riparian zones. Our study objectives were to test the independent and interactive effects of submergence level and fluctuation frequency on a globally important riparian invasive plant, Alternanthera philoxeroides. To this end, we conducted a greenhouse experiment, in which ramets of the plants, obtained from a wetland in...