Filtration index of the drilling fluid is an important parameter of well drilling, especially at drilling-in the reservoirs. Standard parameter in the study of drilling fluids is static filtration index. At the same time, it is more feasible to determine dynamic filtration index, if considering actual conditions of the well. Use of polymer carbonate-weighted drilling fluids is advisable at dril...

bioaerosols are the most significant risk for exposed people leads to infectious diseases. this study was aimed at evaluation of physical and microscopic characteristics and submicron particulate filtration efficiency of surgical masks used in hospitals throughout iran. five types of domestic (zist filter, elhamteb and arman masks) and imported (blosom, face masks) surgical masks were tested se...

The change in aortic blood density in an in vivo rabbit preparation was measured to assess fluid movement at the pulmonary capillaries caused by infusion of hypertonic solution (NaCl, urea, glucose, sucrose, or raffinose in isotonic saline) into the vena cava over 20 s. The hypertonic disturbance increased the plasma osmotic pressure by </=30 mosmol/l. The density change indicates that the flui...

PURPOSE To determine the clinical features of tear fluid signs associated with filtration blebs via three-dimensional anterior segment optical coherence tomography (3D AS-OCT). METHODS In total, 152 eyes (130 patients) with glaucoma that underwent trabeculectomy with mitomycin C were evaluated retrospectively. We investigated tear fluid signs associated with filtration blebs, using 3D AS-OCT ...

In this paper, we characterize the filtration and deposition profiles of a recombinant analog of Norwalk virus, an important waterborne pathogen, in packed beds of saturated quartz sand under both ‘clean-bed’ and ‘dirty-bed’ conditions. Under clean-bed conditions with NaCl as the electrolyte, the retained Norwalk virus particles decline like a power-law with depth. The power-law decay in retain...

A three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics model, coupled with sludge rheology models to account for the behaviour of mixed liquor and porous media models to represent the resistance of membranes to the fluid field, was developed and used in estimating shear stress in the filtration zone of membrane bioreactors. The influence of a suite of factors on shear stress including aerator positio...

A technique for measuring glomerular filtration rate (by six-sample plasma clearance) and extracellular fluid volume is described. The results obtained for glomerular filtration rat per extracellular fluid volume with a three blood sample technique are also presented. Concurrently with the blood sample techniques measuring plasma clearance, glomerular filtration rate per extracellular fluid vol...

Microvascular fluid exchange (flow J(v)) underlies plasma/interstitial fluid (ISF) balance and oedematous swelling. The traditional form of Starling's principle has to be modified in light of insights into the role of ISF pressures and the recognition of the glycocalyx as the semipermeable layer of endothelium. Sum-of-forces evidence and direct observations show that microvascular absorption is...

Drilling fluid is the most important lifeline of the drilling operation, that main task is facilitate the cuttings removal of the drilling. There are varieties of drilling fluids such as sodium bentonite based-drilling fluid is called “mud” and drilling foam or surfactant based-drilling fluid is called “soap”. The present work aims are study on the modified drilling mud properties by using the ...

drilling fluid is the most important lifeline of the drilling operation, that main task is facilitate the cuttings removal of the drilling. there are varieties of drilling fluids such as sodium bentonite based-drilling fluid is called “mud” and drilling foam or surfactant based-drilling fluid is called “soap”. the present work aims are study on the modified drilling mud properties by using the ...