This review article focuses on the mechanism of the non-aqueous fluorolytic sol gel-synthesis of nanoscopic metal fluorides and hydroxide fluorides. Based on MAS-NMR, XRD, WAXS and SAXS investigations in combination with computational calculations, it is shown that a stepwise replacement of alkoxide by F-ions takes place resulting in the formation of a large variety of metal alkoxide fluoride c...

Fluorides, hydrogen fluoride, and fluorine have been identified in at least 188 of the 1,636 hazardous waste sites that have been proposed for inclusion on the EPA National Priorities List (NPL) (HazDat 2003). However, the number of sites evaluated for fluorides, hydrogen fluoride, and fluorine is not known. The frequency of these sites can be seen in Figure 6-1. Of these sites, all are located...

The catalytic asymmetric synthesis of alkyl fluorides, particularly α-fluorocarbonyl compounds, has been the focus of substantial effort in recent years. While significant progress has been described in the formation of enantioenriched secondary alkyl fluorides, advances in the generation of tertiary alkyl fluorides have been more limited. Here, we describe a method for the catalytic asymmetric...

Mechanism-based glycosidase inhibitors are of considerable use in studies of enzyme mechanism, in studies of glycoprotein processing, and possibly therapeutically in control of sugar uptake. This paper describes a new general approach to mechanism-based inactivation of glycosidases which involves trapping a covalent glycosyl enzyme intermediate. This is achieved by use of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-gly...

The toxic effect of fluorides upon the teeth and bones of animals has been demonstrated. In 1925 McCollum, Simmonds, Becker, and Bunting (1)) also Schulz and Lamb (2)) reported a disturbance in the quality and structure of the teet,h of albino rats, produced by amounts of fluorides only slightly above that occurring in natural foods. Since then the observed harmful effects of the feeding of roc...

The mononuclear Mn(CO)(5)X and binuclear Mn(2)(CO)(8)(μ-X)(2) manganese carbonyl halides have long been known for the halogens Cl, Br, and I. However, the corresponding manganese carbonyl fluorides (X = F) remain unknown. The structures and thermochemistry of such manganese carbonyl fluorides and their decarbonylation products have now been investigated using density functional theory. In all c...

In October 2005, the Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health (ARCPOH) hosted a Workshop on the Use of Fluorides in Australia. The workshop was attended by 35 experts, university, jurisdictional and peak-body representatives from all states and territories of Australia. ARCPOH hosted the workshop at the request of the National Advisory Committee on Oral Health (NACOH) which had con...

The discovery during the first half of the 20th century of the link between natural fluoride, adjusted fluoride levels in drinking water and reduced dental caries prevalence proved to be a stimulus for worldwide on-going research into the role of fluoride in improving oral health. Epidemiological studies of fluoridation programmes have confirmed their safety and their effectiveness in controlli...

The letters to the Editor of the International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health by Phyllis Mullenix and Donald Taves on setting appropriate safety standards for industrial levels of fluorides and fluorine are considered as if they were a debate. The participants’ views on gaseous fluorides, hydrofluoric acid and particulate fluoride are summarized. It is concluded that in the en...