Because of small surface area to volume ratios nanoscale devices can exhibit dominant surface forces that can quickly degrade unlubricated contacting surfaces. While fluorinated materials have been widely used as lubricants, because of their low critical surface tension and high thermal and mechanical stability, fluorinated monolayer coatings, which are suitable for lubricating nanoscale device...

A mathematical model of capillary oxygen transport was formulated to determine the effect of increasing plasma solubility, e.g., by the addition of an intravascular fluorocarbon emulsion. The effect of increased plasma solubility is studied for two distributions of fluorocarbon, when the fluorocarbon droplets are uniformly distributed throughout the plasma and when the fluorocarbon droplets are...

This article describes results obtained using various plasma and surface diagnostics in a study of inductively coupled fluorocarbon plasmas in which the amount of capacitive coupling was systematically varied. It is found that the plasma density decreases while the electron temperature increases as the amount of capacitive coupling is increased at a constant source power level. The rate at whic...

Hybrid surfactants were generated through the simple mixing of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon gemini surfactants in aqueous solutions at 25°C. Disulfide exchange between the disulfide in the spacer chain occurred in the mixed micelles. However, the generation of hybrid gemini surfactants was particularly inhibited by the addition of salt. The suppression of the electrostatic repulsion between the...

Effective treatment of vascular gas embolism may be possible with emulsified fluorocarbon compounds. We tested the hypothesis that a fluorocarbon emulsion delivered before gas embolization would enhance bubble motion through the vasculature, favoring more rapid clearance. Air microbubbles were injected into the rat cremaster microcirculation in six groups of rats receiving Perftoran, an emulsif...

Quantitative results from infrared laser absorption spectroscopy ~IRLAS! of CF and CF2 radicals and COF2 products in inductively coupled plasmas fed with C2F6, CHF3 and C4F8 are presented and compared with results simultaneously obtained by mass spectrometry and optical emission spectroscopy. These plasma gas-phase analysis results are discussed and compared to fluorocarbon deposition and etchi...

A combination of laser light scattering (LLS), viscometry, and fluorescence spectroscopy was used to study the association of a series of fluorocarbon-modified poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) copolymers in aqueous solution. The interchain association increases as both the fluorocarbon content and polymer concentration increase, evidenced by the changes of the apparent molar mass, intrinsic...

We report the interfacial properties of a new fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon hybrid surfactant [OH(CH2)11N(C2H4)2(CH2)2(CF2)5CF3 I, or FHUB], which has a fluorocarbon chain as well as a w-hydroxyalkyl chain. This new hybrid surfactant has properties that are different than classical hydrocarbonand fluorocarboncontaining surfactants. This difference is created by combining a fluorocarbon chain and the...

The influence of counterions on micellization of perfluorononanoic carboxylate ammonium salts in water and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim]BF(4)) solutions was investigated by surface tension and (19)F NMR measurements and freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy (FF-TEM) observations. Changes in the counterions of the fluorocarbon surfactants have different effects...

Fluorocarbon oil reinforced triple emulsion drops are prepared to encapsulate a broad range of polar and non-polar cargoes in a single platform. In addition, it is demonstrated that the fluorocarbon oil within the emulsion drop acts as an effective diffusion barrier, as well as a non-adhesive layer, enabling highly efficient encapsulation and retention of small molecules and active biomolecules...