Rudgers and Sastry-Dent Approaches to improving agricultural crops have relied on either mutational or traditional breeding and selection methods or through the random introduction of novel genes into crops by transformation (e.g. using Agrobacterium). These approaches are inherently time-consuming, inefficient and expensive, especially for developing complex, multi-trait products that are now ...

BACKGROUND Osteoporosis, or porous bone, is a disease characterized by low bone mass density (BMD) and structural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to bone fragility and increased risk of hip, spine, and wrist fractures. There are numerous risk factors for osteoporosis. While many of these factors are non-genetic in nature, there is a definite genetic component responsible for this conditio...

The objective was to perform a meta-analysis to summarize the available evidence from prospective nested case-control studies on the association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer.We searched PubMed, ISI web of science, EMBASE, and reference lists for included articles. Study specific odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled by using f...

Osteoporosis is a health concern characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increased risk of fragility fractures. Many studies have investigated the association between genetic variants and osteoporosis. Polymorphism and allelic variations in the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) have been found to be associated with bone mineral density. However, many studies have not been able to fi...

Variation in blood lead concentration is caused by a complex interaction of environmental, social, nutritional, and genetic factors. We evaluated the association between blood lead concentration and a vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism. Environmental samples and blood were analyzed for lead, nutritional and behavioral factors were assessed, and VDR -Fok1 genotype was determined in 245 c...

Inherited variants of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene may influence cancer risk by altering the effect of vitamin D on cell growth and homeostasis. Studies have examined genotypes for common VDR polymorphisms, including a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detected by Bsm1, a polyadenosine [poly(A)] repeat polymorphism, and a SNP detected by Fok1, as candidates for susceptibility to cancer,...

BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed neoplasms and the second leading cause of cancer death in men in the Western world. Vitamin D (1,25dihydroxy vitamin D) is linked to many biological processes that influence oncogenesis but data on relations between its genetic variants and cancer risk have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to determine associatio...

The most studied single nucleotide polymorphisms of the VDR gene are Bsm1, Apa1, Taq1 and Fok1. Previously, many approaches have been used to study SNPs in VDR gene including restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), Single Amplification refractory mutation system PCR (Single-ARMS-PCR), and sequencing of the VDR gene. The objective of the study was to develop a multiplex ARMS-PCR system ...

background: osteoporosis, or porous bone, is a disease characterized by low bone mass density (bmd) and structural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to bone fragility and increased risk of hip, spine, and wrist fractures. there are numerous risk factors for osteoporosis. while many of these factors are non-genetic in nature, there is a definite genetic component responsible for this conditi...