BACKGROUND Restoration of degraded forest ecosystem is crucial for regional sustainable development. To protect the country's fragile and fragmented environment, the Chinese government initiated an ecological engineering project, the Natural Forest Protection Program, in seventeen provinces in China beginning in 1998. Fully hillside-closed forest protection (vegetation restoration naturally wit...

forests as a renewable source has effective and useful role in economic and social activities of society. network of forest roads as infrastructure division’s forest planning units (compartments) of forest management plans, management, logging, exit of wood and plays a major role forest protection. aim of this study, designed forest road network according to multi-purpose forestry using the net...

To provide fault-tolerance for multicast connections, different techniques of protection are developed. These techniques can be classed into reactive and pro-active approaches. Reactive approaches can have long recovery latency which is undesirable for many types of applications such as the real time ones. In this paper, we focus on the multicast pro-active fault-tolerance schemes. One of the p...

Xiao-Yi Wang, Zhong-Qi Yang , , Juli R. Gould, Hui Wu and Jian-Hai Ma The Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Department of Agriculture, Otis ANGB, MA 02542 5008, USA Forestry Bureau of Sanming City in Fu...

Forest landscapes provide benefits from a wide range of goods, function and intangible values. But what are different forest owner categories' profiles of economic use and non-use values? This study focuses on the complex forest ownership pattern of the River Helge å catchment including the Kristianstad Vattenrike Biosphere Reserve in southern Sweden. We made 89 telephone interviews with inform...

In spite of the high importance of forests, global forest loss has remained alarmingly high during the last decades. Forest loss at a global scale has been unveiled with increasingly finer spatial resolution, but the forest extent and loss in protected areas (PAs) and in large intact forest landscapes (IFLs) have not so far been systematically assessed. Moreover, the impact of protection on pre...

Over the past 20 years, the focus of forest science on air pollution has moved from forest decline to a holistic framework of forest health, and from the effects on forest production to the ecosystem services provided by forest ecosystems. Hence, future research should focus on the interacting factorial impacts and resulting antagonistic and synergistic responses of forest trees and ecosystems....

TOMÁŠ LACKNER1 & SŁAWOMIR MAZUR2 1Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Department of Forest Protection and Entomology, Kamýcká 1176, CZ-165 21 Praha 6 – Suchdol, Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected] 2Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Protection and Ecology, Nowoursynowska 159 bld. 34, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland...