because of sailing the estates by non-formal deeds; sometimes the estates of others are sailed without knowledge of the owner. so the dealing will be null by reject of the owner and the seller must amend the buyer’s damages. the main questions in this study are: what is the area of damages? what are the foundations of seller’s responsibility against the buyer? we will study the causality, excha...

The article presents the mechanism for legal regulation of civil relations. standing scientific thought as to relations was found be inconsistent with contemporary requests (needs). Therefore, in this article: first, author improved definition relations; second, architectonics field type presented law community. defined set tools (civil means, ways, and forms) coordinated interaction which make...

In distributed database systems, immediate global consistency of replicated data can be achieved by distributed commit protocols that are typically unpredictable. If real-time characteristics are necessary, such unpredictability has to be avoided. In a distributed realtime database, optimistic replication can be used to avoid unpredictable delays by allowing transactions to commit locally. The ...

| In the DeeDS prototype, active database func-tionality and critical timing constraints are combined with integrated monitoring techniques. In the scope of DeeDS, this paper presents a mathematical model which is used to derive two important design constraints; worst-case minimum delay and maximum frequency of events. This model is based on a dual-processor hybrid-monitoring solution. Furtherm...

in the last two decades, a theory has been presented by some moslem philosophers, which implies that the paradise and the hell are not but the incarnations of man's behavior which appear to him in different ways. this article is an attempt to explain and criticize this viewpoint, which has been rejected by theologians and approved by philosophers. it is finally claimed that even though som...