Unbleached kraft pulp fibers were modified with laccase and ferulic acid (FRC) to improve their physical strength properties in paper products. The optimal conditions of laccase-FRC modification were examined in terms of the physical properties of pulps. The effects of laccase-FRC modification on the carboxyl group content and surface lignin content of pulps were investigated. The surface morph...

PURPOSE To review the literature on adhesive luting of fiber-reinforced composite posts (FRC) to provide evidence for the clinical procedure of restoring endodontically treated teeth using FRC posts. METHODS Data focusing on bonding behavior between root canal dentin, luting agent, and FRC post in vitro as well as in vivo performance of teeth restored with FRC posts were reported. These data ...

Adaptive immune responses are initiated when T cells encounter antigen on dendritic cells (DC) in T zones of secondary lymphoid organs. T zones contain a 3-dimensional scaffold of fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC) but currently it is unclear how FRC influence T cell activation. Here we report that FRC lines and ex vivo FRC inhibit T cell proliferation but not differentiation. FRC share this fe...

Functional residual capacity (FRC) was measured before and after induction of anaesthesia for jejunoileal bypass surgery in 30 morbidly obese patients. The onset of anaesthesia was associated with a 51% reduction in FRC from 2.2 litre to 1.0 litre. Eighteen of the patients were investigated more extensively; in these subjects FRC was reduced below the control values of residual volume (RV) with...

Definition ....................................................................... Methods for determining FRC ................................... Choice of method FRC measured by plethysmography (FRCpleth) ......... FRC measured by helium dilution (FRCHe) ............. FRC measured by nitrogen washout (FRCN2) ........... Standards for lung volume measurement by gas dilution/washout techniques ...

PURPOSE To evaluate the fracture strength and the failure mode of endodontically treated teeth restored with composite resin overlays with and without glass-fiber reinforcement. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 32 extracted molars were divided into four equal groups. In the NFR-NFRC (no foundation restoration, no fiber-reinforced composite) and NFR-FRC (no foundation restoration, fiber-reinfo...

INTRODUCTION A partial sitting position has been reported to increase functional residual capacity (FRC) in lean subjects, whereas FRC does not change with position in the morbidly obese. The effects of positioning in the subgroup of overweight and mildly to moderately obese subjects have not been examined. We hypothesized that a change in FRC may be related to adipose tissue distribution. ME...

Closing capacity (CC; the lung volume at which dependent lung zones cease to ventilate, presumably as a result of airway closure) and standard lung volumes were measured in twenty-four normal women 21 to 29 years of age in the seated and supine positions. Measurements were made serially during pregnancy and once 6 to 8 weeks post partum (the control period). CC was unchanged during pregnancy, w...

Secondary lymphoid organs (SLO), such as lymph nodes and the spleen, display a complex micro-architecture. In the T cell zone the micro-architecture is provided by a network of fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC) and their filaments. The FRC network is thought to enhance the interaction between immune cells and their cognate antigen. However, the effect of the FRC network on cell interaction can...

This study was designed to investigate the antifungal activity of a hydroalcoholic extract from Flos Rosae Chinensis (FRC) combined with fluconazole (FCZ) against clinical isolates of Candida albicans resistant to FCZ. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of FRC was determined using a checkerboard microdilution assay. The synergistic effects of the combination of FRC and FCZ against clini...