INTRODUCTION THE FREEZING PROCESS Frost Supercooling Freeze Desiccation Controlling the freezing process Acclimation to Freezing Stress Metabolic changes Sugars Lipids Abscisic acid The signalling cascade Mechanisms of Injury Sulphydryl-disulphide Hypothesis Expansion-induced Lysis Freeze-induced electrical transients Phase properties of the lipid bilayer Plasma membrane transport and ATPase Ox...

Freezing, dehydration, and supercooling cause microtubules in mesophyll cells of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. cv Bloomsdale) to depolymerize (ME Bartolo, JV Carter, Plant Physiol [1991] 97: 175-181). The objective of this study was to determine whether the LT(50) (lethal temperature: the freezing temperature at which 50% of the tissue is killed) of spinach leaf tissue can be changed by diminis...

Non-freezing cold injury is a prevalent cause of peripheral nerve damage, but its pathogenic mechanism is poorly understood, and treatment remains inadequate. Glucocorticoids have anti-inflammatory and lipid peroxidation-inhibiting properties. We therefore examined whether dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid compound, would alleviate early-stage non-freezing cold injury of the sciatic ner...

Sequential changes in the microvascular architecture of rat brains following local freezing injury were studied by scanning electron microscopy involving the cerebrovascular casting method. Repair of the microvascular architecture was initiated on day 3 after injury. Hematogenous cells and reactive astrocytes within the edematous zone participated in the regenerative process. The microvascular ...

Non-freezing cold injury develops after sustained exposure to cold temperatures, resulting in tissue cooling but not freezing. This can result in persistent sensory disturbance of the hands and feet including numbness, paraesthesia and chronic pain. Both vascular and neurological aetiologies of this pain have been suggested but remain unproven. We prospectively approached patients referred for ...