BACKGROUND Insulin resistance, which is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, has become a leading nutrition problem. Inorganic nitrate enriched in spinach has been demonstrated to reverse the pathological features of insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. However, the effects of a direct intake of nitrate-enriched spinach on insulin resistance an...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased worldwide in parallel with overnutrition characterized by high-fat and high-carbohydrate intake. Our objective was to establish, in 16 weeks, a model of NAFLD in Wistar pathogen-free rats following four dietary types. MATERIALS/METHODS Forty (6 weeks old) healthy Wistar male rats, weighing an averag...

Because reduced nutrient absorption may contribute to malnourishment in the elderly, age and diet modulate fructose uptake in mice, and alterations in fructose uptake may be paralleled by changes in the abundance of fructose transporters, the objectives of this study were to determine 1) the effects of aging on fructose absorption in rats, 2) the effect of feeding diets enriched with saturated ...

1. Hummingbirds have specialized on a diet consisting almost exclusively of a mixture of sucrose, glucose and fructose found in floral nectar. Previous studies have shown that hummingbirds can fuel energetically expensive hovering flight almost exclusively using recently ingested sucrose. However, the relative capacities for the direct utilization of glucose and fructose by hovering hummingbird...

BACKGROUND : Recently, there has been an increase in the number of cardiovascular diseases and mortality rates among population. This may be due to a violation metabolic processes body, particular lipid carbohydrate metabolism, caused by unbalanced high-calorie diet. PURPOSE To study compare main indicators metabolism fructose-fortified diet with high fat content under experimental conditions. ...

In vitro and in vivo experiments were designed to evaluate the effectiveness of laboratory-made di-d-fructose dianhydride (DFA)-enriched caramels. The DFA-enriched caramels were obtained from d-fructose (FC), d-fructose and sucrose (FSC), or d-fructose and β-cyclodextrin (FCDC). In the in vitro experiment, raftilose and all caramels increased (P<0.05) l-lactate concentration and decreased (P<0....

Sucrose- and fructose-enriched diets produce hepatic insulin resistance in rats independently of obesity. In humans, fructose infusion results in impaired insulin regulation of glucose production. The aim of the present study was to identify intrahepatic mediators of sucrose- and fructose-induced hepatic insulin resistance. In study 1, male rats were fed a control diet (STD, 68% of energy from ...

BACKGROUND Commercially available garlic preparations in the form of garlic oil, garlic powder and pills are widely used for certain therapeutic purposes, including lowering blood pressure and improving lipid profile. Despite the impressive effects of garlic most studies are limited by lack of controlled methods and suitable double-blinding, and by the use of preparations with unknown amounts a...

To determine the influence of dietary fructose and glucose on circulating leptin levels in lean and obese rats, plasma leptin concentrations were measured in ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH)-lesioned obese and sham-operated lean rats fed either normal chow or fructose- or glucose-enriched diets (60% by calories) for 2 wk. Insulin resistance was evaluated by the steady-state plasma glucose method...