The changes in protein metabolism of severe childhood malnutrition are generally perceived as a metabolic adaptation to chronic protein undernutrition. However, severe malnutrition is invariably accompanied by infections which also have profound effects on protein metabolism. This study aimed to distinguish the effect of protein undernutrition from that of an inflammatory stimulus on muscle and...

I . In Expt I , fractional synthesis rates (FSR) of tissue protein were measured along the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of six I-week-old, milk-fed lambs by using a large amount of ~-[3,4(n)-~H]valine. 2. In Expt 2, eighteen lambs were used to determine the fractional growth rate (FGR) of gastrointestinal tissue protein. 3. FSRlinlmum ~ ~ , , " ~ and FSR,,,,,,,, (,ax, were calculated assuming p...

Renal hemodynamics and tubular fractional sodium reabsorption (FSR) were evaluated by clearance techniques during acute and chronic extracellular volume expansion in man. (1 - V/GFR) x 100 was used as an index of proximal and (C(H2O)/V) x 100 as an estimate of distal fractional reabsorption. After acute loading with isotonic saline 37 ml/kg body wt, proximal FSR decreased by 4.8% and distal FSR...

Feedback shift registers(FSRs) are a fundamental component in electronics and secure communication. An FSR f is said to be reducible if all the output sequences of another FSR g can also be generated by f and the FSR g has less memory than f . An FSR is said to be decomposable if it has the same set of output sequences as a cascade connection of two FSRs. It is proved that deciding whether FSRs...

Ingestion of an essential amino acid-carbohydrate (EAA + CHO) solution following resistance exercise enhances muscle protein synthesis during postexercise recovery. It is unclear whether EAA + CHO ingestion before resistance exercise can improve direct measures of postexercise muscle protein synthesis (fractional synthetic rate; FSR). We hypothesized that EAA + CHO ingestion before a bout of re...

Fibrinogen, an acute-phase protein, and glucagon, a stress hormone, are often elevated in many conditions of physical and metabolic stress, including uncontrolled diabetes. However, the possible mechanisms for this association are poorly known. We have studied the acute effects of selective hyperglucagonemia (raised from -200 to -350 pg/ml for 3 h) on fibrinogen fractional secretion rate (FSR) ...

In vivo studies have reported conflicting effects of insulin on mixed tissue protein synthesis rates. To test the hypothesis that insulin has differential effects on synthesis rates of various protein fractions in different organs, we infused miniature swine (n = 8 per group) with saline, insulin alone (at 0.7 mU/kg(-1). min(-1)), or insulin plus an amino acid mixture for 8 h. Fractional synthe...

We previously showed that lysozyme (Lzm-S), derived from leukocytes, caused myocardial depression in canine sepsis by binding to the endocardial endothelium to release nitric oxide (NO). NO then diffuses to adjacent myocytes to activate the cGMP pathway. In a canine right ventricular trabecular (RVT) preparation, Lzm-S also decreased the inotropic response to field stimulation (FSR) during whic...

Immune cell functions can be evaluated in vivo by measuring their specific protein fractional synthesis rates (FSR). Using stable isotope dilution techniques, we describe a new method allowing simultaneous in vivo assessment of FSR in two leukocyte populations in healthy human subjects, using small blood samples. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) FS...

Forward selection (FS) is a step-by-step model-building algorithm for linear regression. The FS algorithm was expressed in terms of sample correlations where Pearson’s product-moment correlation was used. The FS yields poor results when the data contain contaminations. In this article, we propose the use of Spearman’s rank correlation in FS. The proposed method is called FSr. We conduct an exte...