Introduction: Ritonavir as part of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is a potent inhibitor HIV protease that have been reported causing retinal impairment in the long term use. Primary eye care (PEC) an integral primary health provides early screening for drug induced toxicity, by using funduscopy examination. This study proposed to review and analyze some case reports conducted on l...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the additional value of funduscopy in the routine management of patients with hypertension. DESIGN Systematic review. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 19 or more with hypertensive retinopathy. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from 1990. REVIEW METHODS Studies were included that assessed hypertensive retinopathy with blinding for blood pressure and car...

A patient complained of photopsia and vision loss in the left eye for two days, with visual acuity of 20/32. Right eye was normal. Funduscopy revealed foveal granularity and gray-white lesions in the posterior pole, mainly temporal to the fovea. The lesions (dots and spots), along with a few other areas surrounding them, showed hyperautofluorescence on autofluorescence imaging. Fluorescein angi...

BACKGROUND Docetaxel is a chemotherapeutic agent of the taxane class of drugs for the treatment of breast cancer. We present a female patient who noted decreased vision after docetaxel treatment. CASE PRESENTATION A 45-year-old female patient received docetaxel treatment after resection of a breast carcinoma. Funduscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed cystoid macular edema on bo...

OBJECTIVE To report a case of intraocular metastasis from breast carcinoma. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION A 54-year-old woman diagnosed with multifocal ductal adenocarcinoma, grade III, of the left breast presented with blurred vision of the left eye. Funduscopy under pupil dilation in the left eye revealed a plateau-shaped, yellow choroidal focus measuring 4 optic disc diameters and...

This paper presents the results of biomicroscopy and funduscopy on five patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni. Fluorescein angioretinography was performed on two patients. All cases showed yellowish white multiple billateral nodules of various sizes, located in the choroidal plane. The nature and differential diagnosis of these nodules is discussed, and the suggestion is made that...

PURPOSE Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children. Although significant advances in treatment have decreased mortality in recent years, morbidity continues to be associated with these therapies, and therefore, there is a pressing need for new therapeutic options. Transgenic mouse models are popular for testing new therapeutics as well as studying the pathophys...