A strain that allows the cloning of Fur-regulated loci was constructed. The strain, named FUR-SEL1, contains a chromosomal fhuA'-'cat transcriptional fusion that is expressed from the Fur-regulated promoter, fhuA(p). Therefore, Fur boxes introduced on a multicopy plasmid can cause derepression of the fusion by titrating the Fur repressor and thereby confer chloramphenicol resistance, which can ...

The Staphylococcus aureus genome encodes three ferric uptake repressor (Fur) homologues: Fur, PerR, and Zur. To determine the exact role of Fur in S. aureus, we inactivated the fur gene by allelic replacement using a tetracycline resistance cassette, creating strain MJH010 (fur). The mutant had a growth defect in rich medium, and this defect was exacerbated in metal-depleted CL medium. This gro...

OBJECTIVE To explore the immunological mechanism of exfoliative tongue fur in children with asthma. METHODS Thirty-nine children with asthma, twenty-eight children with repetitive respiratory tract infection (non-asthma) and eleven healthy children were divided into five groups, which were asthma with exfoliative fur or with non-exfoliative fur groups, non-asthma with exfoliative fur or with ...

In this study, we have characterized the in vitro binding of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Fur to several well-defined iron transport genes, as well as to additional genes involved in major catabolic, secretory, and recombination pathways of gonococci. The gonococcal Fur protein was recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli HBMV119. Fur was isolated from inclusion bodies and partially purified by ion...

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is a Gram-negative bacterium that lives at pH 2 in high concentrations of soluble ferrous and ferric iron, making it an interesting model for understanding the biological mechanisms of bacterial iron uptake and homeostasis in extremely acid conditions. A candidate fur(AF) (Ferric Uptake Regulator) gene was identified in the A. ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 genome. Fur(A...

The Vibrio cholerae fur gene was previously cloned and sequenced. A putative Fur box was identified in the divergent promoters of irgA, a virulence factor of V. cholerae, and irgB, a transcriptional activator of irgA. In this work, V. cholerae Fur was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified to approximately 95% homogeneity. The purified protein bound a DNA fragment containing the irgA-ir...

Bradyrhizobium japonicum expresses both Fur and Irr, proteins that mediate iron-dependent regulation of gene expression. Control of irr mRNA accumulation by iron was aberrant in a fur mutant strain, and Fur repressed an irr::lacZ promoter fusion in the presence of iron. Furthermore, metal-dependent binding of Fur to an irr gene promoter was demonstrated in a region with no significant similarit...

The ferric uptake regulator (Fur) plays a critical role in the transcriptional regulation of iron metabolism. However, the full regulatory potential of Fur remains undefined. Here we comprehensively reconstruct the Fur transcriptional regulatory network in Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 in response to iron availability using genome-wide measurements. Integrative data analysis reveals that a total...

Iron is required by almost all bacteria, but concentrations above physiological levels are toxic. In bacteria, intracellular iron is regulated mostly by the ferric uptake regulator, Fur, or a similar functional protein. Iron limitation results in the regulation of a number of genes, especially those involved in iron uptake. A subset of these genes is the Fur regulon under the control of Fur. In...