1) chronic administration of morphine hydrochloride in the drinking water of mice induced physical dependence. jumping and diarrhea, two signs of withdrawal, were produced by intraperitoneal (ip) injection of naloxone. 2) baclofen, bicuculline and picrotoxin decreased the number of mice's jumping episodes and frequency of diarrhea. 3) muscimol decreased jumping but not diarrhea. 4) the data ind...

spreading depression (sd), discovered by leao in 1944, is a pathophysiological wave which propagates slowly in the brain (3 mm/min) and cause dramatic ionic and hemodynamic changes. sd appears to act through several mechanisms and receptors which have not completely understood. here, we studied the effect of inhibitory system in animal model of sd using immunohistochemistry technique. after imp...

The involvement of inhibitory transmitters for Ptychodiscus brevis toxin (PbTx)-induced depression of spinal synaptic transmission in neonatal rats was investigated. Stimulation of a dorsal root evoked monosynaptic reflex (MSR) and polysynaptic reflex (PSR) potentials in the segmental ventral root. The PbTx depressed the reflexes in a concentration-dependent manner and this depression was block...

The involvement of inhibitory transmitters for Ptychodiscus brevis toxin (PbTx)-induced depression of spinal synaptic transmission in neonatal rats was investigated. Stimulation of a dorsal root evoked monosynaptic reflex (MSR) and polysynaptic reflex (PSR) potentials in the segmental ventral root. The PbTx depressed the reflexes in a concentration-dependent manner and this depression was block...

The neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mediates inhibitory signaling in the brain via stimulation of both GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)R), which are chloride-permeant ion channels, and GABA(B) receptors (GABA(B)R), which signal through coupling to G proteins. Here we report physical interactions between these two different classes of GABA receptor. Association of the GABA(B) receptor ...

Abstract The synthesis of novel pyrazolothienopyridinone derivatives as potential GABA A receptor modulators was performed and is herein described. crucial step the involving handling unstable aminothiophenes managed via two different synthetic strategies delivering a set 8 target compounds. Graphical abstract

g -Aminobutiric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system has two major receptor subtypes (GABAA and GABAB). GABAB receptors are activated by the antispastic and muscle relaxant agent, Baclofen, which is a lipophilic derivative of GABA. Since 1962 several strategies have been reported for the synthesis of baclofen.In this study an approach has been made to...

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain. The fast inhibitory effect of GABA is mediated through the GABA(A) receptor, a postsynaptic ligand-gated chloride channel. We propose that GABA can act as a ligand chaperone in the early secretory pathway to facilitate GABA(A) receptor cell surface expression. Forty-two hours of GABA treatment increased the surf...