We present a method, GALS (Gradient Analysis by Least Squares) for estimating the gradient of a physical field from multi-spacecraft observations. To obtain the best possible spatial resolution, the gradient is estimated in the frame of reference where structures in the field are essentially locally stationary. The estimates are refined iteratively by a least squares method. We show that GALS i...

The elucidation of the molecular and immunological mechanisms mediating maintenance of latency in human tuberculosis aids to develop more effective vaccines and to define biologically meaningful markers for immune protection. We analyzed granuloma-associated lymphocytes (GALs) from human lung biopsies of five patients with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. MTB CD4+ and CD8+ T c...

In recent years several successful GALS realizations have been presented. The core of a GALS system is a locally synchronous island that is designed using industry standard synchronous design methodologies. In principle, any functional synchronous block can be encapsulated as a locally synchronous island to form a GALS module. There are, however, several important trade-offs and design decision...

This paper focuses on prototyping pausible and gated In this paper, after presenting an overview on the pausible clock based GALS systems on commercial FPGAs. Pausible clock clock based and gated clock based GALS systems in sections II based GLAS systems use an on-chip clock generator to generate and III, the implementation of GALS on commercial FPGA pausible clock pulses whereas gated clock ba...

Based on a previously reported request driven technique for Globally-Asynchronous Locally-Synchronous (GALS) circuits this paper presents two significant enhancements. Firstly, the previously required local ring oscillators are avoided. Instead, an external clock with arbitrary phase for each GALS block is used. Details of the required wrapper circuitry, the proposed design flow and performance...

The integrated circuit manufacturing technology improves almost daily, and enables designers to construct circuits that are both smaller and are able to work faster. While this increases the performance and allows more functions to be integrated on to micro-chips, it also poses significant challenges to designers. Conventional digital circuits rely on a global clock signal to function. These ci...

A novel request-driven globally asynchronous locally synchronous (GALS) technique for the system integration of complex digital blocks is proposed. For this new GALS technique, an asynchronous wrapper compliant is developed and evaluated. This proposed GALS technique is applied to a baseband processor compatible with the wireless LAN standard IEEE 802.11a. The developed GALS baseband processor ...

In this paper the authors present the concept and evaluation results of a complex GALS ASIC demonstrator in 40 nm CMOS process. This chip, named Moonrake, compares synchronous and GALS synchronization technology in a homogeneous experimental setting: same baseline designs, same manufacturing process, same die. The chip validates GALS technology for both point-to-point and network-centric on-chi...

The main aim of this project is to deliver an integrated design methodology for synthesising digital systems with mixed synchronous-asynchronous architectures. The proposed technique combines Globally Asynchronous Locally Synchronous (GALS) design with Elastic Logic principles. Elastic Logic and Asynchronous design are envisioned to share a common timing discipline which should simplify the GAL...