the melt-phase synthesis of dioctyltin (iv) and triphenyltin (iv) benzoates were carried outusing stoichiometric amounts of benzoic acids and the corresponding organotin (iv) compounds.the reagents were ground together in a mortar and fed into a boiling glass tube. a cannula tubewas inserted into the boiling tube to discharge accumulated gaseous products. a syringe ensureda continuous flow of d...

Gas discharge tube (GDT), as an important protective device, has been developed and employed for the protection of circuit against high-power electromagnetic energy. Accurate description property GDT is critical its practical applications. However, under excitation microwave (HPM), how will respond whether can still exhibit performance remain unclear. Herein, response characteristics to HPM wer...

In this paper, a Marx generator voltage multiplier as an impulse made of multi-stage resistors and capacitors to generate high is proposed. order pulse, number are connected in parallel charge up during on time then series higher off period. research, 6kV designed using gas discharge tube (GDT) electronic switch breakdown voltage. The circuit the storage capacitor for current applications. Acco...

A 2D (axisymmetric) computational study of the discharge characteristics of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet as a function of gas flow rate was performed. The helium jet emerged from a dielectric tube, with an average gas flow velocity in the range 2.5–20 m s−1 (1 atm, 300 K) in a nitrogen ambient, and impinged on a substrate a short distance dowstream. The effect of the substrate conductivit...

In this study, sterilization of tubular medical instruments such as catheter and breathing circuit was studied using a wire-type dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) under atmospheric pressure condition. To investigate sterilization factors of DBD under the air condition, we carried out the sterilization experiments using Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores under various gas conditions, such as ...

The paper presents a numerical study of the periodic self focusing behavior of a laser pulse propagation in a gas filled capillary plasma with a parabolic electron density profile. An implicit and inherently stable Crank-Nicholson method was used to demonstrate the periodic laser beam waist behavior inside the tube discharge. The dependence of the tube radius and beam waist on maximum intensity...

To investigate the space charge neutralization effects in the extraction gap of a laser ion source (LIS) [1] a high current density electron beam with low energy spread is needed. The transient hollow-cathode discharge (THCD) source [2] has the required characteristics. The THCD is a pulsed hollow-cathode glow discharge that operates at low gas pressure (101 mbar) and high applied voltage. Char...

The model of a DC glow discharge with metastable argon atoms and dust particles based on the Boltzmann equation for the electron energy distribution function (EEDF), dust particle charging, and balance equation for metastable argon atoms is presented. The processes of direct and stepwise electron impact ionization, metastable-metastable collisions, and recombination of electrons and ions on the...

The densities of most emitting species and gas temperature (Tg) are investigated in a nitrogen DC pulsed discharge. The discharge current and gas pressure are varied from 70 to 150 mA and 133 to 470 Pa, respectively. Tg is determined through rotational temperatures of first positive (1) and second positive (2) emission systems. These temperatures are deduced by comparison of simulated and measu...