In this paper, fuzzy logic control of a fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) is proposed. Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process is a unit that converts heavy distillates like gas oil or residues to gasoline and middle distillates using cracking catalyst. About 45% of worldwide gasoline production comes from FCC processes and its ancillary units. Since a typical FCC unit can process a large amo...

Duckweed biomass is gasified in a thermochemical-based superstructure to produce gasoline, diesel, and kerosene using a synthesis gas intermediate. The superstructure includes multiple pathways for conversion of the synthesis gas to liquid hydrocarbons via Fischer−Tropsch synthesis or intermediate methanol synthesis. Low-temperature and high-temperature Fischer−Tropsch processes are examined us...

As gasoline is the main fuel of small vehicles, exhaust emissions from its combustion will affect air quality. The focus cleaning to reduce sulfur and olefin content in while maintaining RON as much possible. reduction bring great economic losses enterprises. Therefore, it very important for petrochemical enterprises construct a loss model refining process. construction, which reduces during re...

Phase 1 of this cross-sectional study aimed to compare hair lead concentrations and establish the determinants of hair lead levels in 149 occupationally exposed individuals versus 177 non-occupationally exposed controls in the Lebanese population. In addition to a standardized questionnaire, lead concentration was measured by atomic spectrophotometry. A 5-6-fold difference in hair lead concentr...

A range of Agilent J&W GC columns were found applicable for the analysis of oxygenated compounds in hydrocarbons. Published by OUP. Development of heart-cutting multidimensional gas chromatography coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry for silicon speciation at trace levels in gasoline samples Journal of Chromatography A, 1264, 80-86 (2012) Fabien Chainet et al. Tags DB-5ms UI, DB-1701, 78...

Converting light-duty vehicles from full gasoline power to electric power, by using either hybrid electric vehicles or fully electric power vehicles, is likely to increase demand for water resources. In the United States in 2005, drivers of 234 million cars, lighttrucks, and SUVs drove approximately 2.7 trillion miles and consumed over 380 million gallons of gasoline per day. We compare figures...

Important physical properties, that characterize a substance, are the density and pressure of saturated vapors (PSV). These parameters need to be known when developing new technological processes in oil refining chemical industries, designing pipelines, pumping equipment, fuel hydraulic cleaning processes, calculations related amount petroleum products mass volume, operating technical systems r...

Introduction Petroleum refining utilize large quantities of water for desalting, distillation, thermal cracking, catalytic and treatment processes to produce useful products [liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline, jet fuel, diesel, asphalt and petrochemical feedstock] 1-3. Refining process generates wastewater (0.4-1.6 times the volume of crude oil processed)4. Discharge of untreated petroleu...