toxoplasma gondii contain various immunogenic antigens. the most important toxoplasma antigens are somatic and excreted/secreted antigens. rhoptry proteins are known as excreted/secreted antigens. these antigens have been proposed as a vaccine candidate against toxoplasmosis. the main objective of the present work was cloning rhoptry protein1 (rop1) gene of toxoplasma gondii (rh) in a cloning v...

clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive, obligate anaerobic bacterium, which is widely distributed in the environment. c. perfringens is subdivided to 5 groups (types a to e), based on its four major toxin (alpha, beta, epsilon and iota). c. perfringens type b beta toxin causes inflammation and bloody necrotic enteritis. type b related enterotoxaemia is a major problem of veterinary sciences...

background: there are only four drugs for treating african trypanosomiasis, a devastating disease in sub-saharan africa. with slow discovery of better drugs, vaccination is viewed as the best method of control. we previously showed that antibodies to native trypanosoma brucei brucei tubulin inhibit the growth of trypanosomes in culture. here, we aimed to determine the effect of antibodies to ba...

brucellosis is a debilitative disease that imposes costs on both economy and society. it is shown that although the vaccine can prevent abortion, it does not provide complete protection against infection. in iran, brucella melitensis is a common causative agent for brucellosis and bp26 protein of this bacterium having a good antigenesity and an important vaccine candidate. in this study b. meli...

p. atlantica subsp. kurdica, with the local name of baneh, is a wild medicinal plant which grows in kurdistan, iran.  the identification of resistance gene analogs holds great promise for the development of resistant cultivars. a pcr approach with degenerate primers designed according to conserved nbs-lrr (nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat) regions of known disease-resistance (r) gene...

background: cd19 is a pan b cell marker that is recognized as an attractive target for antibody-based therapy of b-cell disorders including autoimmune disease and hematological malignancies. the object of this study was to stably express the human cd19 antigen in the murine nih-3t3 cell line aimed to be used as an immunogen in our future study. methods: total rna was extracted from raji cells i...

background: leptospirosis has been recognized as an important reemerging infectious disease caused by pathogenic leptospira spp. a major challenge of this disease is the application of a basic research to improve diagnostic method. outer membrane proteins of leptospira are potential candidates that could be useful in diagnosis. among them the lipl41 is an immunogenic protein which is present on...

background: influenza virus is the major cause of lower respiratory tract illnesses on the worldwide. vaccination can be an effective tool to prevent its outbreak. highly conserved viral nucleoprotein is an effective vaccine candidate to provide heterosubtypic immunity, offering resistance against various influenza virus strains. m aterials and methods: in present research np gene was inserted ...

embryonic stem cells (escs) are pluripotent, self-renewing cells. these cells can be used in applications such as cell therapy, drug discovery, disease modelling, and the study of cellular differentiation. in this experimental study embryonic stem cells cultured in the laboratory and were amplified. total rna was extracted from cells and converted to cdna by reverse transcription-polymerase cha...