To find genetic association between complex diseases and phenotypic traits, one important procedure is conducting a joint analysis. Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) is an efficient method of examining the interactions between genes in genetic association studies. It commonly assumes a dichotomous classification of the binary phenotypes. Its usual approach to determining the genomic as...

• The Euclidean distance is usually considered inappropriate for species abundance data. We thus propose a new measure that unifies the and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity. A generalization of this index to measurement functional dissimilarity also proposed. Community ecologists consider explore multivariate structure This because may lead counterintuitive result which two sample plots with no in com...

inequality in the geographic distribution of health workers in the public health sector in iran rezaei s1 (msc), karamimatin b1 (phd), akbari sari a2* (phd) 1research center for environmental determinants of health, kermanshah university of medical sciences, kermanshah, iran. 2deptment of health management and economics, school of public health, tehran university of medical sciences, tehran, ir...

The measurement of spatial segregation has often used measures such as the Neighborhood Sorting Index (NSI) or the Index of Dissimilarity (D) that do not take full account of space. We propose a Generalized Neighborhood Sorting Index (GNSI), an extension of NSI, in which each neighborhood is part of a broader community, the extent of which can be easily changed by increasing the order of contig...

We address the question of finding the community structure of a complex network. In an earlier effort [H. Zhou, Phys. Rev. E 67, 041908 (2003)], the concept of network random walking is introduced and a distance measure defined. Here we calculate, based on this distance measure, the dissimilarity index between nearest-neighboring vertices of a network and design an algorithm to partition these ...

In this paper, in order to improve both the performance and the efficiency of the conventional Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs), generalized GMMs are firstly introduced by integrating the conventional GMMs and the active curve axis GMMs for fitting non-linear datasets, and then two types of Fuzzy Gaussian Mixture Models (FGMMs) with a faster convergence process are proposed based on the generaliz...

The dissimilarity index is a useful tool for understanding the spatial mismatch, or geographic separation, between groups. Specifically the measure is often used to show patterns of residential segregation between racial and ethnic groups in a geographic area. Steven Raphael and Michael Stoll in “Modest Progress: The Narrowing Spatial Mismatch Between Blacks and Jobs in the 1990s” use the index...

Case-Based Reasoning is used when generalized knowledge is lacking. The method works on a set of cases formerly processed and stored in the case base. A new case is interpreted based on its similarity to cases in the case base. The closest case with its associated result is selected and presented as output of the system. Recently, Dissimilarity-based Classification has been introduced due to th...