the increase of greenhouse gases (ghg) in which co2 emissions constitute the principal component, is of major environmental problems of all societies. economic growth impels intensive use of resources and as a result, more residues and wastes thrown in the nature that could lead to environmental degradation. this article tries to trace the eventual relationship between trade openness and enviro...

This paper tests whether consumption pattern in Korea exhibits a time-inconsistent discounting behavior using a quasi-hyperbolic Euler equation estimated by the generalized method of moments (GMM). In particular, we examine whether consumers change their discounting behavior during financial crises in 1997 and 2008. The estimation results show that Korean consumers exhibit a time-inconsistent q...

Missing values are endemic in the data sets available to econometricians. This paper suggests a unified likelihood-based approach to deal with several nonignorable missing data problems for discrete choice models. Our concern is when either the dependent variable is unobserved or situations when both dependent variable and covariates are missing for some sampling units. These cases are also con...

Brown and Gibbons [Brown, D.P., Gibbons, M.R., 1985. A simple econometric approach for utilitybased asset pricing model. Journal of Finance 40, 359–381], Karson et al. [Karson, M., Cheng, D., Lee, C. F., 1995. Sampling distribution of the relative risk aversion estimator: theory and applications. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting 5, 43–54], and Lee et al. [Lee, C.F., Lee, J.C., Ni, ...

abstract in this context, this article tries to presents a conceptual model of the factors affecting the government size and empirical test through econometric generalized methods of moments (gmm) by using data from 15 developing countries, review relationship between fiscal decentralization and the government size. the results of dynamic panel data indicate a positive effect of income and expe...

today export diversification has become one of the most important economic objectives of development strategies in the developing countries. for various reasons, such as preventing instability in export prices of primary products in global markets, reducing fluctuations in exchanges of them compared with industrial goods, producing dynamic benefits resulted from exporting various goods and incr...

Several rounds of banking reforms in China have aimed to increase the competitive condition and further enhance stability in the Chinese banking sector, while the joint effects of competition and risk-taking behaviour on the profitability in the banking sector have not been studied well enough so far in the literature. The current study contributes to the empirical literature by testing the imp...