In this paper bandpass filter has been designed and simulated using different windows techniques. Blackman, Hamming and Kaiser Windows techniques are used for design of bandpass filters using matlabs. The performances of all designs have been compared in terms of sidelobe attenuation and mainlobe width. The simulated result shows that Blackman window gives maximum mainlobe width as compared to ...

A general framework for the description of classic wave propagation is introduced. This relies on a cone structure C determined by an intrinsic space ? velocities (point, direction and time-dependent) observers’ vector field ???t whose integral curves provide both Zermelo problem auxiliary Lorentz–Finsler metric G compatible with C. The PDE wavefront reduced to ODE t-parametrized geodesics Part...

We show that strictly abnormal geodesics arise in graded nilpotent Lie groups. We construct such a group, for which some Carnot geodesics are strictly abnormal and, in fact, not normal in any subgroup. In the 2-step case we also prove that these geodesics are always smooth. Our main technique is based on the equations for the normal and abnormal curves, that we derive (for any Lie group) explic...

introduced in this inquiry and review is a balladry which exists both in divan of hassan ghaznavi and attar. in addition, the existing differences between the two also revealed balladry, and some lines in this ode were corrected according to divan of hassan ghaznavi. it is very important to note that the opening sixteen lines of this ode, except for the 7th and 8th lines, have been attributed t...

We describe the geometry of geodesics on a Lorentz ellipsoid: give explicit formulas for the first integrals (pseudo-confocal coordinates), curvature, geodesically equivalent Riemannian metric, the invariant area-forms on the timeand space-like geodesics and invariant 1-form on the space of null geodesics. We prove a Poncelet-type theorem for null geodesics on the ellipsoid: if such a geodesic ...

We derive various inequalities involving the intersection number of the curves contained in geodesics and tight geodesics in the curve graph. While there already exist such inequalities on tight geodesics, our method applies in the setting of geodesics. Furthermore, the method gives inequalities with a uniform constant depending only on the topology of the surface.

Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) provide a classical framework to model the dynamics of biological systems, given temporal experimental data. Qualitative analysis of the ODE model can lead to further biological insight and deeper understanding compared to traditional experiments alone. Simulation of the model under various perturbations can generate novel hypotheses and motivate the desig...

Let M be a Margulis spacetime whose associated complete hyperbolic surface Σ has compact convex core. Generalizing the correspondence between closed geodesics on M and closed geodesics on Σ, we establish an orbit equivalence between recurrent spacelike geodesics on M and recurrent geodesics on Σ. In contrast, no timelike geodesic recurs in neither forward nor backwards time.