MANETs are infrastructure free network, hence are mostly vulnerable to attacks and maintaining the anonymity of the nodes is also becoming a major concern. Most of the existing geographical routing methodology in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) does not include any position update mechanism for anonymous mobile nodes. In this paper, we propose a secure geographical routing which uses an adaptive...

In this article, a single application is suggested to determine the position of vehicles using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Geographical Position Systems (GPS). The part of the article material included mapping three dimensional coordinates to two dimensional coordinates using UTM or LAMBERT geographical methods, and the algorithm of conversion of GPS information into GIS maps is ...

Currently there are thousand container events happening daily on more than 20 000 locations in the World. Some of these locations are big international ports and others are just little cities with not precise coordinates in the free available Data Bases (DB). Verification and validation these locations are at the same time a very important task and a challenging one. This paper describes the de...

mokr?n, an iranian district, is located south of baluchistan on northern coasts of mokr?n (oman) sea. its particular geographical situation has caused a promoting economic position since longs ago and its harbors have had an excellent commercial position and a significant economic improvement through the history. mokr?n benefits a thousands-year history and precious civilization. there are diff...