Background: During the past 20 years a lot of information is achieved about the first trimester of pregnancy through ultrasound and intrauterine fertilization. Many researchers tried to use the symptoms of ultrasound in early pregnancy like measuring the gestational sac and yolk sac of the pregnancy to predict the continuation of pregnancy. Aim of the recent study is to predict the risk of spon...

At the recent ISUOG meeting in Los Angeles, there was great debate about the current cut-off s we use to defi ne miscarriage using transvaginal ultrasound. In particular, the guidelines used by both the RCOG and ASUM are not conservative enough and may lead to false positive diagnosis of miscarriage. In routine practice, when there is a suspicion of a non-viable pregnancy, we rely on the measur...

At the recent ISUOG meeting in Los Angeles, there was great debate about the current cut-off s we use to defi ne miscarriage using transvaginal ultrasound. In particular, the guidelines used by both the RCOG and ASUM are not conservative enough and may lead to false positive diagnosis of miscarriage. In routine practice, when there is a suspicion of a non-viable pregnancy, we rely on the measur...

OBJECTIVE To develop a quantitative method for characterizing gestational sac shape. METHODS Twenty first-trimester gestational sacs in normal pregnancies were studied with three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography. The 3D coordinates of surface-point sets were obtained for each sac using 30-, 15- and six-slice sampling. Cubic spline interpolation was used with the 15- and six-slice surface-poin...

The extra-embryonic coelom (EEC) and secondary yolk sac are prominent structures in the gestational sac during the first trimester of human pregnancy, at a time before the definitive placental circulation becomes established. We propose that the EEC and yolk sac play a critical role in the nutrition of early pregnancy, fulfilling exchange functions which are assumed by the placenta at a later s...

A major goal for ultrasonic biophysicists is to determine “dose.” Currently, not even a definition of dose exists for ultrasound. To focus the discussion, let us evaluate an approach for estimating doses in the human gestational sac. The NCRP No. 74 document has summarized in tabular form those studies which have attempted to evaluate the attenuation between the skin (abdominal) and surface and...

PURPOSE To assess clinical outcomes related to conservative management of women with cesarean scar pregnancies (CSPs), specifically through uterine artery embolization (UAE) with local and systemic methotrexate (MTX) treatment (UAE-MTX), or ultrasound-guided local and systemic MTX treatment (USG-MTX). METHODS Forty-five patients with CSP were randomly allocated to receive UAE-MTX (n = 24) or ...

A 36-year-old woman (gravida 2, para 1) come to the Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Artemisia, in Rome referred by another institution for evaluating the presence of a Cesarean Scar Pregnancy (CSP). Woman came at our institution with no symptoms. She had a caesarean section a term of gestation 3 years prior. She was at 9 weeks gestation calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period. Phy...

BACKGROUND Scar pregnancy is an extremely rare type of ectopic pregnancy, where there is implantation of the gestational sac onto the anterior wall of the uterus at the site of previous LSCS scar in a multipara female. Due to a poor vascular supply to the lower uterine segment, caesarean scars may heal improperly predisposing it to be a site of improper implantation of the gestational sac. RE...