Methotrexate (MTX) is an important drug for the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, related toxicity occurs in many organs which may cause interruption of treatment, morbidity, and mortality. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and gamma glutamyl hydrolase (GGH) are known to alter their enzymatic activity and thus affect the m...

We describe a polynomial-time cryptanalysis of the (approximate) multilinear map of Coron, Lepoint and Tibouchi (CLT). The attack relies on an adaptation of the so-called zeroizing attack against the Garg, Gentry and Halevi (GGH) candidate multilinear map. Zeroizing is much more devastating for CLT than for GGH. In the case of GGH, it allows to break generalizations of the Decision Linear and S...

Ground glass hepatocytes (GGHs) have been shown to predict the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Type I GGH and type II GGH harbor hepatitis B virus (HBV) pre-S1 and pre-S2 deletion mutants, respectively. Whether anti-HBV therapy can inhibit the expression of GGHs and potentially reduce HCC development is explored in this study. Two sets of liver specimens were included: the first ...

In this paper, we first critically analyze two existing latticebased cryptosystems, namely GGH and Micciancio, and identify their drawbacks. Then, we introduce a method for improving the implementation of GGH using the Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT). Furthermore, we also propose another cryptosystem optimized for CRT, drawing on the strengths of both cryptosystems. We provide a fair comparison...

The Ni(II) complex of the tripeptide NH2-glycine-glycine-histidine-COOH (GGH) mediates efficient protein-protein cross-linking in the presence of oxidants such as oxone and monoperoxyphthalic acid (MMPP). Here we demonstrate that GGH fused to the amino terminus of a protein can still support cross-linking. The tripeptide was expressed at the amino terminus of ecotin, a dimeric macromolecular se...

Elevated gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH) activity as a contributing factor in mechanisms of acquired and intrinsic antifolate resistance has been reported for several cultured cell lines. Despite this, little is known about this enzyme, especially the human species. Using the human HT-1080 sarcoma line, we observed the secretion of GGH activity into media during culture (a phenomenon that could ...

Some microorganisms accumulate glucosylglycerate (GG) during growth under nitrogen deprivation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of GG and the regulation of its levels in the nitrogen stress response are elusive. Since GG is required for biosynthesis of mycobacterial methylglucose lipopolysaccharides (MGLP) we examined the molecular mechanisms linking replenishment of assim...

Goldreich-Goldwasser-Halevi (GGH) public key cryptosystem is an instance of lattice-based cryptosystems whose security is based on the hardness of lattice problems. In fact, GGH cryptosystem is the lattice version of the first code-based cryptosystem, proposed by McEliece. However, it has a number of drawbacks such as; large public key length and low security level. On the other hand, Low Densi...

In Crypto 97, a public key cryptosystem based on the closest vector problem was suggested by Goldreich, Goldwasser and Halevi [4]. In this paper, we propose a public key cryptosystem applying representations of polynomials to the GGH encryption scheme. Its key size is much smaller than the GGH system so that it is a quite practical and efficient lattice based cryptosystem.

At PKC 2003 Paeng, Jung, and Ha proposed a lattice based public key cryptosystem(PJH). It is originated from GGH, and designed as a hybrid of GGH and NTRUEncrypt in order to reduce the key size. They claimed that PJH is secure against all possible attacks, especially against lattice attacks. However, in this paper, we present a key recovery attack, based on lattice theory, against PJH. The runn...