ghazzali has viewed pleasure as perceiving what is desirable and has given it in different types of: sensible and hearty, sensible and non sensible, external and internal, sensible and intellectual, intellectual and bodily. he has viewed human pleasure growth to be in five steps and known five elements for distinguishing them including those of the faculty of perception, perceptions, the meanin...

This paper aims to analyze the perception of state in writings early Muslim intellectuals, particularly al-Farabi, al-Mawardi, Nizam al-Mulk, al-Ghazzali, Ibn Taymiyyah and Khaldun. All these six intellectuals have a massive contribution developing or Islamic political thought. intended find answer following questions regarding concept from their writings: firstly, debate around birth state; re...

abu hamed mohammad ghazzali is a great muslem intellectual and faqih in the fifth century(ah). an outstanding feature of his political thought is the intertwining of ethics and politics. he views politics from the perspective of religion and ethics. thus, politics, in his view, is not the science of power and of how to attain power, but the means for moral improvement and guiding human beings t...

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and Europe. In recent years, the understanding that regenerative processes exist at the level of the myocardium, has placed stem cell research at center stage in cardiology. A stem cell is a cell that has the ability to divide (self replicate) for indefinite periods often throughout the life of the ...

Cancer immunotherapy has gained a lot of interest over the past few years due to the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating cancer (1, 2). Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as monoclonal antibodies against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1), have been shown to increase survival of patients with advanced cancers (1, 2). These in...