Globalization, which exports production and jobs from rich countries to poor countries, also exports from rich countries to poor countries the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions created from the production of the goods consumed by rich countries. But whose responsibility are the GHG emissions? Are they exclusively the responsibility of the producing countries, or exclusively the responsibility of t...

The high contribution of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by the transportation sector calls for the development of emission reduction efforts. In this paper, we examine how efficient bus transit networks can contribute to these reduction measures. Utilizing continuum approximation methods and a case study in Barcelona, we show that efforts to decrease the costs of a transit system can lead to GH...

This chapter describes the methodology used in EPA’s Waste Reduction Model (WARM) to estimate streamlined life‐cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emission factors for asphalt shingles beginning at the waste generation reference point. The WARM GHG emission factors are used to compare the net emissions associated with asphalt shingles in the following four waste management alternatives: source reduction...

This paper discusses results from the MATTER project (MATerials Technologies for greenhouse gas Emission Reduction). The goal of the project is to provide more insight into the potentials to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Western Europe through changes in the production of materials and the use of materials. GHG emission reduction is one of the key environmental problems for the susta...

The main purpose for developing biofuel is to reduce GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions, but the comprehensive environmental impact of such fuels is not clear. Life cycle analysis (LCA), as a complete comprehensive analysis method, has been widely used in bioenergy assessment studies. Great efforts have been directed toward establishing an efficient method for comprehensively estimating the greenho...

A life-cycle assessment (LCA) of corn ethanol was conducted to determine the reduction in the life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for corn ethanol compared to gasoline by integrating biomass fuels to replace fossil fuels (natural gas and grid electricity) in a U.S. Midwest dry-grind corn ethanol plant producing 0.19 hm y 1 of denatured ethanol. The biomass fuels studied are corn stover an...

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are expected to have a great potential to reduce the GHG emissions across society, however limited data on actual reductions have been published so far. Based on available data on real GHG emission reductions realized by different ICT solutions, this paper explores the possible reductions globally within a 2030 timeframe. An average of the future...

The European Union, as a signatory to the Paris Agreement, has approached action against greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change quite ambitiously, striving achieve neutrality by 2050. Extension of Green Deal policy implementation Western Balkans can only increase chances neutral agenda. Expectations from Montenegro in coming period are transposable other countries they urged start im...

The Chinese government has taken great efforts to popularize rural household scale biogas digesters, since they are regarded as an effective approach to address energy shortage issues in rural areas and as a potential way of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Focusing on a typical rural household biogas system, the aim of this study is to systematically quantify its total direct and indir...