Ginkgo biloba is an ancient Chinese tree, appeared more than 250 million years ago, and the only surviving member of Ginkgoacea family [Schmid, 1997]. Ginkgo biloba was used as herbal remedy for many centuries in China, and now its extracts are one of the most widely used herbal products in the world, especially in the United States and in Europe [Blumenthal, 2000; Mahadevan & Park, 2008]. Gink...

AIM The present study investigates the effect of combined treatment with Ginkgo biloba and/or Rhodiola rosea on psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and short-term working memory accuracy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total number of 112 volunteers were enrolled to study the effect of G. biloba and R. rosea on PVT and short-term working memory accuracy as compared to placebo effects, the central cognit...

BACKGROUND Acute mountain sickness (AMS) commonly occurs when unacclimatized individuals ascend to altitudes above 2000 m. Acetazolamide and Ginkgo biloba have both been recommended for AMS prophylaxis; however, there is conflicting evidence regarding the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba use. We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of acetazolamide vs Ginkgo biloba for AMS prophylaxis. M...

QUESTION Does Ginkgo biloba reduce incident dementia and Alzheimer disease in elderly people with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment? METHODS Design: randomised placebo controlled trial (Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory [GEM] study). ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00010803. Allocation: unclear allocation concealment.* Blinding: blinded (patients, clinicians, and outcome assessors).* Follow-up peri...

Ginkgo biloba leaf extract has been shown to increase the incidence in liver tumors in mice in a 2-year bioassay conducted by the National Toxicology Program. In this study, the DNA damaging effects of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract and many of its constituents were evaluated in human hepatic HepG2 cells and the underlying mechanism was determined. A molecular docking study revealed that quercetin,...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Gingko biloba extract is known for enhancing blood circulation, scavenging free radicals, and antagonizing against platelet-activating factor. This study evaluated the effect of Gingko biloba on the noise-induced temporary threshold shift of hearing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Temporary threshold shift was induced by exposing mice to 110 dB SPL sound for 1 hour. The exper...

Ginkgo biloba has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for about 5000 years. A standardized preparation, EGb 761 has been recently prepared. The pharmacologically active constituents, flavonol glycosides and the terpene lactones are standardized. The terpene lactones comprise of ginkgolides A, B, C and bilobalides. The extract scavenges excess free radicals and pretreatment with EGb 761 re...

From study of antifungal actions on the rice sheath blight by using the extract of Ginkgo biloba outer seedcoats, we found that the extracts of Ginkgo biloba outer seedcoats of all treatment concentrations had inhibited the rice sheath blight. Among them, the most effective concentration was 250 mg/l at which the growth of microbe was 26 mm and even at the packaging test, when sprayed the G. bi...

Pregnane X receptor (PXR; NR1I2) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays a role not only in drug metabolism and transport but also in various other biological processes. Ginkgo biloba is a herbal medicine commonly used to manage memory impairment. Treatment of primary cultures of rat hepatocytes with G. biloba extract increases the mRNA expression of CYP3A23, which is a target gen...

We report on a patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency who developed acute hemolytic anemia after having received an injection of Ginkgo biloba for dementia prophylaxis without medical advice. She suddenly developed general malaise, generalized yellowish skin color, and tea-colored urine. Intravenous fluid infusion and cessation of G. biloba quickly relieved her clinica...