In this paper, we survey the global positioning system (GPS)-less vehicular localization methods using dedicated short range communication (DSRC). Time of arrival (TOA), which is one of the radio-based ranging techniques, is used in the methods to localize a vehicle. Through the localization methods using DSRC, vehicles can handle GPS error or the situations of no GPS location data when they ar...

This paper describes the design and implementation of a field trial of a GPS-based road-user charging system held in Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K. Employees from the University of Newcastle upon Tyne were recruited to participate in experiments of both point-based and distance-based charging. To avoid road-user charges for commuting to and from the University during the trial period, volunteers cou...

Accurate estimation of construction production, which is composed of productivity and unit costs, allows construction planners and managers to have excellent control over current processes and to correctly predict the production of similar projects in the future. Due to the need for accurate production estimation, selection of the appropriate construction technology is a critical factor in the ...

During the last decade, pilot studies and focused projects have established the efficacy of the Internet in developing nations;1 however, connectivity remains uncommon and it is generally slow and unreliable.2 The developing nations are too poor to attract sufficient capital to build modern Internet infrastructure.3 The activity of the past decade has had positive results. All governments are n...

Countries with the International Marine time Boundary Line (IMBL) will always has security problems and continuous life threatens for those fishermen whose family’s main economical support is fishing. Even in the peninsular country like India has their boundary limit in the ocean, the people of these coastal regions has the main work of fishing ,due to carelessness or without knowing their boun...

[1] We present the first two aircraft Global Positioning System (GPS)-reflection altimetry measurements, the most precise GPS ocean-altimetry measurement, and demonstrate the altimetric precision and spatial resolution necessary to map mesoscale eddies. Our first experiment demonstrated a 14-cm precision single-satellite ocean altimetry measurement while our more recent experiment demonstrates ...

OBJECTIVES Despite increasing availability of global positioning system (GPS), no research has been conducted to analyze GPS data for exposure opportunities associated with time at indoor and outdoor microenvironments. We developed location-based and time-weighted spatial measures that incorporate indoor and outdoor time-location data collected by GPS. METHODS Time-location data were drawn fr...

Microactuators have become essential elements of microelectromechanical systems, for example, for positioning purposes and for fluid-handling tasks in microfluidic systems. UV depth lithography and other new micromachining technologies, which have been developed since the 1990s, have initiated extensive investigations of electromagnetic microactuators, which are characterized by high forces, la...

After briefly analyzing the structure of a photovoltaic power substation monitoring system, a positioning system roadway based on blue tooth was put forward to connect with already existing communication and monitoring networks. A separate monitoring system for the environment is integrated with the former comprehensive automation system to create a unique system. It is a new step of substation...