Fifteen gravid, crossbred gilts were utilized in an experiment to measure the effect of five isonitrogenous dietary treatments (12% crude protein, sorghum-soybean meal; sorghum; sorghum + lysine; sorghum + threonine; sorghum + lysine + threonine) on N balance, colostrum composition and plasma constituents (protein, urea N and IgG). All gilts were fed a standard corn-soybean meal diet from breed...

An ampicillin enrichment strategy following transposon insertion mutagenesis was employed to obtain NaCl-sensitive mutants of a gltBD (glutamate synthase [GOGAT]-deficient) strain of Escherichia coli. It was reasoned that the gltBD mutation would sensitize the parental strain even to small perturbations affecting osmotolerance. Insertions conferring an osmosensitive phenotype were identified in...

Glutamate transport is coupled to the co-transport of 3 Na(+) and 1 H(+) followed by the counter-transport of 1 K(+). In addition, glutamate and Na(+) binding to glutamate transporters generates an uncoupled anion conductance. The human glial glutamate transporter EAAT1 (excitatory amino acid transporter 1) also allows significant passive and active water transport, which suggests that water pe...

Background The dramatically increased cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic renal disease cannot be explained entirely by traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The continuous exposure of renal patients to elevated levels of urea may contribute to increased inflammation and oxidative stress. While urea may not be directly toxic, many molecules can be carbamylated through cyanate, a rea...

The thermotolerant, restrictive methylotroph Bacillus methanolicus MGA3 (ATCC 53907) can secrete 55 g of glutamate per liter (maximum yield, 0.36 g/g) at 50 degrees C with methanol as a carbon source and a source of ammonia in fed-batch bioreactors. A homoserine dehydrogenase mutant, 13A52-8A66, secreting up to 35 g of L-lysine per liter in fed-batch fermentations had minimal 2-oxoglutarate deh...

Ammonia is the chief excretory product in fishes. However, non-availability of enough of water in the habitat, may lead to the formation of urea, in fishes. In the present study, the possible role of urea formation to avoid the toxicity of ammonia under water-restricted condition was tested in Channa gachua. Circulatory urea and ammonia were estimated in the blood of the fishes and glutamate de...

The liver is the major site of gluconeogenesis, the major organ of amino acid catabolism and the only organ with a complete urea cycle. These metabolic capabilities are related, and these relationships are best exemplified by an examination of the disposal of the daily protein load. Adults, ingesting a typical Western diet, will consume approximately 100 g protein/d; the great bulk of this is m...

We have investigated whether there is a net contribution of lysine synthesized de novo by the gastrointestinal microflora to lysine homeostasis in six adults. On two separate occasions an adequate diet was given for a total of 11 days, and a 24-h (12-h fast, 12-h fed) tracer protocol was performed on the last day, in which lysine turnover, oxidation, and splanchnic uptake were measured on the b...

The liver is the major site of gluconeogenesis, the major organ of amino acid catabolism and the only organ with a complete urea cycle. These metabolic capabilities are related, and these relationships are best exemplified by an examination of the disposal of the daily protein load. Adults, ingesting a typical Western diet, will consume ;100 g protein/d; the great bulk of this is metabolized by...

The objective of this study was to compare the bioefficacy of L-lysine sulfate relative to L-lysine⋅HCl for 10 to 20 kg pigs. Two experiments were conducted to determine the bioefficacy of the two sources of lysine using daily gain, feed conversion, plasma urea nitrogen and nitrogen retention as the response criteria. In experiment 1, 168 crossbred barrows (Landrace×Large White), weaned at 28±3...