1. The teichoic acid from walls of Staphylococcus lactis I3 was isolated by extraction with trichloroacetic acid and shown to contain glycerol, N-acetylglucosamine, phosphate and d-alanine in the molecular proportions 1:1:2:1. The alanine is attached to the polymer through ester linkages. 2. Hydrolysis with acid gave alanine, glucosamine and glycerol diphosphates. Under mild acid conditions a r...

The role of cytidine diphosphate (CDP)-glycerol in gram-positive bacteria whose walls lack poly(glycerol phosphate) was investigated. Membrane preparations from Staphylococcus aureus H, Bacillus subtilis W23, and Micrococcus sp. 2102 catalyzed the incorporation of glycerol phosphate residues from radioactive CDP-glycerol into a water-soluble polymer. In toluenized cells of Micrococcus sp. 2102,...

In the two preceding papers, evidence has been presented for the enzymatic synthesis of polyglycerophosphate (1) and polyribitol phosphate (2) from cytidine diphosphate glycerol and cytidine diphosphate ribitol, respectively. In this paper, we describe the glycosyl transfer from uridine diphosphate glucose to polyglycerophosphate by an enzyme from Bacillus subtilis. Teichoic acids differ in the...

In the two preceding papers, evidence has been presented for the enzymatic synthesis of polyglycerophosphate (1) and polyribitol phosphate (2) from cytidine diphosphate glycerol and cytidine diphosphate ribitol, respectively. In this paper, we describe the glycosyl transfer from uridine diphosphate glucose to polyglycerophosphate by an enzyme from Bacillus subtilis. Teichoic acids differ in the...

Many of the nontreponemal or serological tests for syphilis involve the detection of serum antibodies (reagin) which are not directed against a component of the causative organism itself but may arise as a result of pathological changes brought about by proliferation of Treponema pallidum in host tissue. Test antigens for the detection of reagin are lipoidal, the main active component being the...

The binding of Mg2+ to the ribitol teichoic acid of Staphylococcus aureus H walls was examined by equilibrium dialysis in solution and in the intact wall; the influence of alanyl ester groups on binding was determined. In solution the ribitol polymer had a lower affinity than did a glycerol teichoic acid and bound Mg2+ in the ratio Mg2+/P of 1:1. The presence of alanyl ester residues caused a d...

Teichoic acid-like material extracted by cold trichloroacetic acid from lyophilized whole cells of streptococci from groups A, D, E, 0, and T was shown to give a positive precipitin reaction with group antisera. Similar material from cells of groups B, C, F, G, H, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, and S did not give a positive reaction with group antisera. The group A material also reacted with anti-E serum...

Cold 10% trichloroacetic acid was used to extract antigens from purified cell walls of Streptococcus mutans BHT. Column chromatography on Biogel P-100 resolved two serologically reactive fractions (B and C). These fractions were ascertained to be relatively pure by recycling on Biogel P-100, Ouchterlony double-diffusion analysis, and immunoelectrophoresis. Fractions B and C demonstrated bands o...

Wall teichoic acids are anionic, phosphate-rich polymers linked to the peptidoglycan of gram-positive bacteria. In Bacillus subtilis, the predominant wall teichoic acid types are poly(glycerol phosphate) in strain 168 and poly(ribitol phosphate) in strain W23, and they are synthesized by the tag and tar gene products, respectively. Growing evidence suggests that wall teichoic acids are essentia...

the present study used a constant level of citric acid and polyvinyl alcohol and different amounts of nanocrystalline cellulose (cnc) and tio2 nanoparticles to improve the properties of starch film. the effect of different amounts of glycerol was also examined. the results of differential scanning colorimetry demonstrated that the addition of cnc increased the melting and glass transition tempe...