BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a commonly reported cause of death and associated with smoking. However, COPD mortality is high in poor countries with low smoking rates. Spirometric restriction predicts mortality better than airflow obstruction, suggesting that the prevalence of restriction could explain mortality rates attributed to COPD. We have studied associations...

BACKGROUND This study explores the relationship between BMI and national-wealth and the cross-level interaction effect of national-wealth and individual household-wealth using multilevel analysis. METHODS Data from the World Health Survey conducted in 2002-2004, across 70 low-, middle- and high-income countries was used. Participants aged 18 years and over were selected using multistage, stra...

For several decades, International development and financing institutions have considered gross national income (GNI) the economic touchstone for assessing and evaluating countries’ eligibility for development assistance. TheWorld Bank first developed the metric in 1960s as the basis for decisions on concessional financing through International Development Association (IDA). Since its establish...

although theoretically peace affects health, few published evidence for such an association was empirically available. this study aimed to explore the association between peace and life expectancy (le) among the world countries.in an ecological study and using random effects regression model, we examined the association between peace and le among world countries between 2007 and 2012. the le at...

Chemical mapping of molecules adsorbed on plasmonic nanostructures is a powerful technique for biomolecular sensing, surface chemistry and plasmon–matter interactions. DC-sputtered gold nanoisland (GNI) substrates have attracted significant attention recently due to its excellent plasmonic enhancement, structural stability and simple fabrication. We provide multimodal characterization of GNI mo...

We examine the potential to probe generalized neutrino interactions (GNI), exotic effective couplings due new physics beyond Standard Model, in coherent-elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering experiments light of latest COHERENT-CsI, and -LAr data. Our analysis focuses on scalar, vector tensor flavored-GNI parameters. A combined has been made constrain these for CsI LAr detector. further add proje...

BACKGROUND It is reported that the infant mortality (IM) rate decreased rapidly in China and the life expectancy (LE) also had a high increase. Our objective was to determine the health status of the Chinese population by investigating IM and LE and their inter-relationship. MATERIAL AND METHODS Based on a literature review on the history and current status of IM and LE in China and other maj...

The relationship between national income and child mortality has been understood for many years. However, what is less well known is whether the association differs for neonatal mortality compared to postneonatal and early childhood deaths. Our study extends knowledge by analysing the relationship between gross national income (GNI) and neonatal, postneonatal, and early child mortality. The stu...

AIMS To evaluate whether there is an association between 30-day mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) included in clinical trials and country gross national income (GNI). METHODS AND RESULTS A retrospective analysis of the databases of five randomized trials including 50 310 patients with STEMI (COBALT 7169, GIK-2 2931, HERO-2 17,089, ASSENT-2 17,005, a...