Using panel data from US states over the period 1941-2002, I measure the impact of gubernatorial partisanship on a wide range of different policy settings and economic outcomes. Across 32 measures, there are surprisingly few differences in policy settings, social outcomes and economic outcomes under Democrat and Republican Governors. In terms of policies, Democratic Governors tend to prefer sli...

This paper proposes a new instrument for institutional quality—the salary of colonial governors—to investigate whether variations in the quality of British colonial rule continue to have an impact on the economic performance of former colonies. Governors’ salaries provide a good source of exogenous variation because the ranking of salaries across the British Empire remained relatively fixed fro...

One of the instruments political centralization in Russia is promotion so-called ‘alien’ governors, that is, persons having no ties with region, by federal center to position a governor. While previous studies prove number ‘aliens’ governors’ corps has been increasing throughout 2000-2010s Russia, this paper presents descriptive analysis cross-regional variability governors. To solve problem, m...

Reference governors are applied to closed-loop tracking systems that are linear and discrete time and have constraints on state and control variables. Earlier results are extended in signi"cant ways. Disturbance inputs, whose values belong to a speci"ed set, are allowed and a general class of reference governors is introduced. Each governor in the class guarantees constraint satisfaction for al...