In this study, a strength gradient is produced in Al-Cu-Ca alloy foam by aging treatment with temperature gradient. The microscopic results show that the morphology and amount of Al2Cu strengthening precipitates base change local temperature. Graded microstructures are realized along gradient, subsequently producing foam. Under compression, lower portion sample firstly collapsed until complete ...

Conventional metallic foam processing seeks to maximize uniformity in pore size, relative density, and other aspects of foam structure in order to minimize property variation associated with the statistical nature of foams, and thereby increase their reliability in service. However, property uniformity is in many cases an inefficient approach to meeting overall design criteria, as demonstrated ...

• Full-field deformation response of density-graded foams is investigated by DIC. Effects density gradient are in-situ strain/stress measurements. Mechanisms associated with formation and propagation stress wave discussed. Double shock mechanism observed for graded negative gradients. Positive gradients show a unidirectional (single) compaction wave. Digital image correlation utilized to charac...

This paper presents new exact 3-D (three-dimensional) elasticity closed-form solutions for out-of-plane free vibration of thick rectangular single layered FG (functionally graded) plates and thick rectangular homogeneous plate coated by a functionally graded layer with simply supported boundary conditions. It is assumed that the plate is on a Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundation and elasticity ...

Cellular structures (in general) and auxetic topologies particular) have excellent energy-dissipation characteristics can be used as lightweight impact-energy absorbers. This paper aims to experimentally computationally examine the behaviour of novel re-entrant graded aluminium panels filled with polyurethane foam in an pattern. The performance is compared 3 non-graded, 1 2 foam-filled panels. ...

In this paper, a new anisotropic material concept namely composite foam is proposed as an alternative to next generation helmet liners which can potentially reduce head rotational accelerations. The Layered Composite foam concept comprises of foam layers with different densities which are glued to each other in a parallel or series configuration. Initial experiments such as static combined shea...

Co-extrasion involves extrasion of multiple layers at the same time. Functionally graded materials comprising various layers with different properties can be produced through co-extrusion. Rheological control is vital for successful co-extrusion of layered cement-based materials. The paste flow in the barrel and the die land in a ram extruder should be plug-like, while the paste should be shear...

We present a physically based real-time water simulation and rendering method that brings volumetric foam to the real-time domain, significantly increasing the realism of dynamic fluids. We do this by combining a particlebased fluid model that is capable of accounting for the formation of foam with a layered rendering approach that is able to account for the volumetric properties of water and f...

BACKGROUND In critically ill patients, prevention of pressure ulcers is a challenge because of the high risk for multiple comorbid conditions, immobility, hemodynamic instability, and increased use of medical devices. OBJECTIVES To compare the difference in incidence rates of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs) in critically ill patients between those treated with usual preventive care ...