_______________ A lack of reading quantity in EFL (English as a Foreign Language) classrooms has remained one of the most serious problems faced by teachers of English in Japan. Although the extensive reading (ER) approach is regarded as having significant potential in addressing this problem, it is not used in many EFL classrooms. This study investigates the effect of a quasi-extensive reading...

Abstract This longitudinal study investigates the effect of mode reading on incidental learning collocations and factors that affect learning. One hundred Vietnamese pre-intermediate learners English as a foreign language (EFL) were assigned to either an experimental group or control (no treatment). In 9 weeks, read three graded readers containing 32 target in counterbalanced modes: reading-onl...

Adult L2 learners are often encouraged to acquire new words through reading in order to promote language proficiency. Yet preparing suitable reading texts is often a challenge for teachers because the chosen texts must have a high percentage of words familiar to specific groups of learners in order to allow the inference of word meanings from context. With the help of word lists research and ad...

When the mind wanders, attention turns away from the external environment and cognitive processing is decoupled from perceptual information. Mind wandering is usually treated as a dichotomy (dichotomy-hypothesis), and is often measured using self-reports. Here, we propose the levels of inattention hypothesis, which postulates attentional decoupling to graded degrees at different hierarchical le...

The Extensive Reading Foundation’s bibliography now boasts over 530 articles with ‘Extensive Reading’ in the title. About 35% of this rich and diverse body of papers were published in the past decade. A meta-review of this literature shows it is quite fragmented as evidenced by considerable variability in the conceptualization of extensive reading (ER) itself. For example, some researchers sugg...

let $g$ be a group with identity $e$. let $r$ be a $g$-graded commutative ring with a non-zero identity and $m$ be a graded $r$-module. in this article, we introduce the concept of graded almost semiprime submodules. also, we investigate some basic properties of graded almost semiprime and graded weakly semiprime submodules and give some characterizations of them.

This paper presents a study analyzing second language vocabulary gains after an extensive reading program that included non-fiction graded readers of scientific content in English. The was conducted Spanish primary school (N = 96) and implemented two different modalities: reading-only reading-while-listening, which audiobooks. lasted one year involved 39 science readers, making it unique its du...