It is essential that physicians who take care of adolescents, whether in specialty practice or primary care, learn to routinely address adolescent sexuality and reproductive health care. According to our most recent Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 64.1% of 12th graders have had sexual intercourse ≥1 time, and 49.3% of 12th graders have had sexual intercourse with at least ≥1 person in the last 3 mo...

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) beef grading system plays an important role in marketing and promoting beef. USDA graders inspect beef carcasses and determine a quality grade within a few seconds. Although the graders are well-trained, the nature of this grading process may lead to grading errors. Significant differences in the USDA graders’ ‘called’ and ‘camera-graded’ quali...

This study investigated whether children can use partial information to learn the pronunciations of Chinese characters. Participants were 49 2nd graders and 56 4th graders whose home language was Mandarin and 75 2nd graders and 93 4th graders whose home language was Cantonese. Children had 2 trials to learn the Mandarin pronunciations of 28 unfamiliar compound characters of 4 types. Children le...

The present study tested the effect of a school-based physical activity (PA) program on quality of life (QoL) in 540 elementary school children. First and fifth graders were randomly assigned to a PA program or a no-PA control condition during one academic year. QoL was assessed by the Child Health Questionnaire at baseline and postintervention. Based on mixed linear model analyses, physical Qo...

8 Available online xxxx 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 RO O This research investigated children's developing knowledge of strategies for maintaining motivation. First graders, third graders, fifth graders, and adults were presented with a motivational dilemma and asked to evaluate the effectiveness of several strategies for sustaining motivation. Adults demonstratedmore knowledge of the effectivene...

This study examines the automatic activation of negative prejudices towards Turks using a masked affective priming paradigm in a sample of German adolescents (aged 13 to 15). Pictures of Turks and Germans were used as masked primes; positive and negative adjectives conveying either other-relevant valence (e.g., honest, evil) or possessor-relevant valence (e.g., talented, dull) were used as targ...

BACKGROUND Despite epidemic childhood obesity levels, we know little about how BMI changes from preadolescence to adolescence and what factors influence changes. METHODS We studied 3961 randomly selected public school students and 1 parent per student in 3 US metropolitan areas in fifth and again in tenth grades. In each grade, we measured child and parent height/weight and calculated BMI cat...

Elementary school children's free recall clustering has recently been explained as an automatic by-product of their developing knowledge base. In contrast, it is claimed that as children get older they become aware of the usefulness of category organization as a memory strategy that enables them to strategically activate category knowledge even during retrieval. To test this hypothesis an exper...

The goal of the present study was to examine whether young elementary school children are able to regulate their study activities in a way that they devote different amounts of study time to easy and difficult materials. 53 first graders, 51 third graders and 48 fourth graders were asked to study easy (e.g., cat – dog) and difficult (e.g., ice cream – bicycle) paired associated pictures which w...

In four large, nationally representative surveys (N = 11.2 million), American adolescents and emerging adults in the 2010s (Millennials) were significantly less religious than previous generations (Boomers, Generation X) at the same age. The data are from the Monitoring the Future studies of 12th graders (1976-2013), 8th and 10th graders (1991-2013), and the American Freshman survey of entering...