INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have shown that fixation of a hamstring graft with a titanium button and polyester tape (EndoButton fixation) in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction can result in relative motion of the graft within the bone tunnel (graft-tunnel motion) under cyclic tensile loading (1). Therefore, an aggressive post-operative rehabilitation may lead to significant graft-...

Background The residual laxity after transtibial posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction has been reported by several authors. The sharp angle where the graft exits the tibial tunnel, which is known as "killer turn", is believed to be the main reason. The purpose of this study was to reveal the mechanism of "killer turn" and its effect on both graft and tunnel inlet. Methods A total ...

With most posterior cruciate (PCL) reconstruction techniques, the distal end of the graft is fixed within a tibial bone tunnel. Although a surgical goal is to locate this tunnel at the center of the PCL's tibial footprint, errors in medial-lateral tunnel placement of the tibial drill guide are possible because the position of the tip of the guide relative to the PCL's tibial footprint can be di...

BACKGROUND High tension in an anterior cruciate ligament graft adversely affects both the graft and the knee; however, it is unknown why high graft tension in flexion occurs in association with a posterior femoral tunnel. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of the angle of the femoral and tibial tunnels in the coronal plane and incremental excision of the posterior cruc...

BACKGROUND Recent evidence that smaller hamstring graft diameter is associated with increased failure risk following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has increased the popularity of graft configurations that increase graft diameter at the expense of graft length. A key question is how much graft needs to be in contact with the femoral tunnel to ensure that healing occurs. We hypo...

Endoscopic (single-incision) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with bone patellar tendon bone can usually be secured with interference screws on the femur and tibia. Infrequently, patella alta, which results in a longer tendinous component of the graft construct, can result in construct mismatch, resulting in a large portion of the tibial bone plug extruding from the tibial tunnel...

UNLABELLED The purpose of this cadaver study about the ACL graft was to compare a "Lateral Tibial Tunnel" (LTT) and a "classic, anteroMedial Tibial Tunnel" (MTT), as to fixation strength and mode of failure. Ten pairs of fresh frozen human proximal tibias were used. In one of both tibias a classic anteromedial tunnel was used, versus a lateral tibial tunnel in the contralateral knee. Autologous...

PURPOSE To assess the length of the patellar tendon in Chinese and its correlation with patient age, gender, and operated side. METHODS 109 men and 11 women aged 15 to 45 (mean, 25) years underwent arthroscopic bone-tendon-bone reconstruction for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insufficiency. 55 (46%) injured the left side, and 65 (54%) the right side. Each patient's age, gender, and operate...