s away from this intention. (The plural grammatical feature of mistakes is not represented.) Representations in which semantic roles reference event variables are called neoDavidsonian, since Davidson did not use semantic roles in his representations. The use of semantic roles has the disadvantage of being grammatical ill-defined. Whereas grammatical functions like subject and object are reason...

A visual-world eye-tracking experiment investigated the influence of order of mention and grammatical role on resolution of ambiguous pronouns in Finnish. According to the first-mention account, general cognitive structure-building processes make the first-mentioned noun phrase the preferred antecedent of an ambiguous pronoun. According to the subject-preference account, the preferred anteceden...

the verb in russian language is a part of speech which involves several grammatical features. regarding methods of expressing the person, we can classify it in two major groups: personal verbs and non-personal verbs. the difference of these two groups is in their expression and inexpression of the person as a grammatical category. the purpose of this research is to consider ways of declaring th...

This paper proposes an account of the acquisition of grammatical relations using the basic concepts of connectionism and a construction-based theory of grammar. Many previous accounts of first-language acquisition assume that grammatical relations (e.g., the grammatical subject and object of a sentence) and linking rules are universal and innate; this is necessary to provide a first set of assu...

This research investigated the Repeated Name Penalty (RNP) and the Overt Pronoun Penalty (OPP) in Japanese. The RNP was first reported by Gordon, Grosz and Gilliom (1993), who observed that English sentences with repeated name subject anaphors were read slower than sentences with overt pronoun subjects when the antecedents were either the grammatical subject or the first-mentioned surface-initi...

Previous research on pronoun resolution in German revealed that personal pronouns in German tend to refer to the subject or topic antecedents, however, these results are based on studies involving subject personal pronouns. We report a visual world eye-tracking study that investigated the impact of the word order and grammatical role parallelism on the online comprehension of pronouns in German...

An tnterpersonal verb such as annoy or admire can be categortzed accordtng to whether tts grammatical subject or grammatical object initiates the interaction described by the verb Such a verb can also be categorized accordtng to whether a denved adjective describes tts grammatical subject (e g , annoying) or tts grammatical object (e g , admirable) Although there has been much speculation (e g ...

In the context of language processing, the N280 is an anterior negative event-related potential profile associated with the lexical categorization of grammatical function words versus content words. Subsequent studies suggested that this effect was related to word statistics including length and frequency in the lexicon. The current research tests the hypothesis that the N280 effect is related ...

Errors are one of the enigmatic parts in the process of foreign language (L2) learning as they are extremely versatile at each and every stage of the language learning proficiency. The present study, therefore, was an attempt to reveal Iranian EFL learners’ grammatical errors in writing at two levels of proficiency, namely lower intermediate and advanced, and then to investigate whether there w...