background and aims. the purpose of this study was to evaluate initial force and force decay of commercially available elastomeric ligatures and elastomeric separators in active tieback state in a simulated oral environment. materials and methods. a total of 288 elastomeric ligatures and elastomeric separators from three manufacturers (dentaurum, rmo, 3m unitek) were stretched to 100% and 150% ...

Theoretical and experimental studies have resulted in the development of a carbon dioxide reduction reactor capable of continuous operation at a high rate of reaction. The capability for continuous removal of product carbon has been developed. Satisfactory long duration operation (25 days) of the carbon dioxide reduction unit has been demonstrated. Development of an oxygen regeneration unit whi...

This paper describes a new method for unsupervised grammar induction based on the automatic extraction of certain patterns in the texts. Our starting hypothesis is that there exist some classes of words that function as separators, marking the beginning or the end of new constituents. Among these separators we distinguish those which trigger new levels in the parse tree. If we are able to detec...

Spiral gravity separators are devices used in mineral processing to separate particles based on their specific gravity or size. The spiral geometry allows for the simultaneous application of gravitational and centripetal forces on the particles, which leads to segregation of particles. However, this segregation mechanism is not fundamentally understood, and the spiral separator literatures does...

An imprecise point is a point p with an associated imprecision region Ip indicating the set of possible locations of the point p. We study separability problems for a set R of red imprecise points and a set B of blue imprecise points in R, where the imprecision regions are axis-aligned rectangles and each point p ∈ R∪B is drawn uniformly at random from Ip. Our results include algorithms for fin...

In this paper, we determine the minimal separators of P4-sparse graphs and establish bounds on their number. Specifically, we show that a P4-sparse graph G on n vertices and m edges has fewer than 2n/3 minimal separators of total description size at most 4m/3. The bound on the number of minimal separators is tight and is also tight for the class of cographs, a well known subclass of the P4-spar...

A computer simulator is written to optimize the conditions of oil and gas separators using Hysys and Matlab software. Off gases in some wellhead equipment of south of Iran are burnt in flare. In the present paper, the separators of one of these wellheads are simulated. By changing different variables such as the plus fraction splitting methods and the temperature of separators the condition wit...

In this research, inorganic material type and content influence on coating of commercially available polypropylene (PP) separator were studied for improving its performance and safety as lithium ion battery separator. Heat-resistant nanopowders of Al2O3, SiO2 and ZrO2 were coated using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder. Coating effects on the separators morphology, wettability, high tempera...

AIM To examine two types of orthodontic separators, focusing on the separating effect and patients' perception of pain and discomfort. METHODS The separators tested were spring-type and elastomeric separators. Thirty teenagers participated, and all were scheduled for treatment with a fixed orthodontic appliance. Two spring-type and two elastomeric separators were placed alternately in the lef...

Gravity-driven separators are broadly used in various engineering applications to remove particulate matters from gaseous fluids meet legislation demands. This study represents a detailed numerical investigation of two-phase cyclone separator using the Eulerian–Lagrangian gas flow method. The turbulence is modelled Reynolds stress model (RSM). technique has successfully predicted typical trends...